African Americans Rights Treatment - 1577 Words

During the time, African Americans slaves were freed and given many rights by the U.S. government. African Americans’ rights treatment by white southerners during the times of 1880 and 1920 were unfair and unacceptable. The African American’s rights were oppressed by different methods that white southerners used to accomplish that. White southerners had a purpose for restricting African Americans from their rights that were given to them. The relationship between the white southerners and African Americans during the time was very tense. In those time, many of the African American people in the U.S. country were slaves before but, later freed. The 14th amendment grant the freed slaves to become a U.S. citizen and receive equal rights as†¦show more content†¦The clause worked by if the person had a grandfather that was a slave holder they were able to vote at the polls without taking the test. That was one of the methods that the white southerners prevent the African American people from their right of voting. They also had other methods at the voting polls that to prevent African Americans from their rights. The voting polls is the where every U.S citizens got their chance to vote for the U.S. President. African Americans citizens received the right to vote by the 15Th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. The white southerners did not agree with that so they invent methods to prevent them from their rights. One method was the literacy test at the polls and another major method the poll taxes at the voting polls for African Americans. The African Americans started work where ever that let them work. The pay for the work was not the best for African Americans in the south. This shows that many of the African Americans people did not a lot of money. The white southerners in south created a poll taxes at the voting polls so African Americans need to pay to be able to vote. That a lot of the African Americans citizens did not have enough money to pay for the poll taxes at the voting polls. The stop many African Americans them from voting for the president at the polls. The white southerners us ed this method dealing with money because they knew African Americans citizens hadShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pageswere hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that caused this movement. The three main causes that lead up to the Civil Rights Movement wereRead MoreKing s Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.999 Words   |  4 PagesHave a Dream† one of the most popular speeches in history was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., an African American preacher. He directs his speech to two main groups of people. The first group being those listening to the speech, and the second b eing those who are just around the area where he is delivering his speech. King’s speech is focusing on the civil rights of the African American citizens. He talks about how poorly the other people have treated them. He uses historical documentationRead MoreMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. 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The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans were considered to be unworthy to be associated with whites, they struggled to fight laws of segregation for years and years to finally be thought of as equals. They fought to earn their civil rights which is where the movement got its name from. There are many names that stand out when you think of the Civil Rights Movement, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. who lead a march to Washington and gave the famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, and there is also Rosa Parks who refused toRead MoreBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change600 Words   |  3 PagesBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change that it had always deserved. In the South, Jim Crow legislation had mandated separate but equal treatment for African Americans since 1876. African Americans were not given equality, how ever, and leaders emerged from the community to push for African American civil rights. In the effort to desegregate public buildings and transportation, people began to hold sit-ins. These involved peacefully occupying

Essay about Article 92 - Good Order and Military Discipline

Article 92 Good order and Military discipline: The Disciplinary Regulations of the United States Army define military discipline as a strict and honorable compliance by all servicemen with the order and rules prescribed by laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (superiors). Military discipline is a special form of military relations. Its specifics lie in coordinating the conduct and actions of military personnel and in serving to establish such relations as are required for successful joint activity. The conduct of servicemen is regulated by special rules and standards of behavior set forth in laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (superiors) and reflecting the specific features of the military†¦show more content†¦All enlistees, both as personalities and members of definite service and public structures (including those with a negative impact on discipline), their relations and degree of activity form in the aggregate the disciplinary system of an element (unit). Psychological support for troops has emerged as a necessity because this kind of work can deal, to a considerable extent, with a set of specific psychological problems arising within disciplinary systems at all levels, not the lower echelons alone, as is often believed. Occasionally it is just the matter of an enlistee being unprepared for discipline-abiding lifestyle (ignorance of army regulations, orders and regulatory documents). Sometimes, however, psychological problems stem from clearly expressed anti-disciplinary attitudes in some or other serviceman, which attitudes tend to disorganize military activities, mixing, and off-duty routine. Two groups of disciplinary psychological problems are identified. First, inadequacy (weakness, instability, incompleteness, and unfinished nature) of individual, group or organizational mechanisms for normative behavior and control thereof as is revealed by practice; certain enlistees lack the required disciplinary motivation and/or they cannot behave in an organized way in conformity with the regulations, rules, laws, and military traditions. Military command and control agencies, for their part, do not have enough energy and skills toShow MoreRelatedDisobey: Uniform Code of Military Justice1186 Words   |  5 PagesDisobey Failure to obey any lawful order or regulation shall be punished under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. (Article 92) When I was young I was told to be nice and follow all the rules and do what I was told especially in school. Here in the Marines is no different there are many rules and regulations that are meant to be followed under the Uniform Code of Military Justice Article 92.It’s Important to keep following the orders you are given by anyone who is higher rank than you or beenRead MoreImportance of Maintaining Your Room and Obeying Orders Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of maintaining a clean living environment and following orders. It is important to maintain a clean and sanitary living environment for multiple reasons. One of the reasons is that it is a threat to public health in the barracks if even just one of the soldiers is living in unsanitary conditions, then through frequent contact throughout the day with other soldiers that one soldier, if he or she becomes sick, could cause other soldiers to become sick. When one soldier becomes the sourceRead MoreImportance of Barracks Cleanliness Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagescould be face possible punishment under Article 134 of the Universal Code of Military Justice. Even thought it is only a general Article, it still looks bad against the soldier, especially if the soldier is up for promotion and is getting ready to go out to the promotion board. Article 134 states as follows: 934. ART. 134. GENERAL ARTICLE. Though not specifically mentioned in this chapter, all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces, all cond uct of aRead MoreDisrespect of an Nco and Disobeying a Direct Order1741 Words   |  7 Pagesof disobeying a direct order. On 25 of August 2011, I accompanied SGT Williams off post. Although it seems to be nothing at all by that statement. The consequences of that night and the things I should have done are possibly going to cost a good NCO his career, and landed me in this punishment. Before I get in to the actual circumstances of this incident I want to cover my references Article 92 and article 89 of the UCMJ. First what is UCMJ? The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is theRead MoreDisrespecting Authority969 Words   |  4 PagesI am writing this essay to go over the subjects of disrespecting authority, the consequences of the same, disrespecting your authority, and to explain the aspects of a field grade article 15, such as the types of article 15’s, and each of their subsequent consequences. I am doing this because I have disrespected the authority of those appointed above me. First, disrespecting authority. Disrespecting your authority is wrong, because it creates an imbalance in the work forces power. It createsRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of MilitaryRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the ent irety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of MilitaryRead MoreMilitary Bearing Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesIn the United States Army, military bearing is the root in which every service member practices in order to carry out good discipline and ethics throughout their military careers. Army regulations and The Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice show us how a military service member should conduct themselves on a daily basis. All military soldiers have an obligation to conduct themselves like they are adults and to show respect to the ranks above them. If a Soldier fails toRead MoreEffects Of Disrespect On A Noncommissioned Officer And Dishonor1008 Words   |  5 Pagesmobilizing soldiers. Feeling unprepared to teach, I refused to obey his order and in addition to disobeying his order I was also disrespectful. This action, the action of disobeying an order by a superior and being disrespectful could have subjected me to UCMJ and destroyed my career as a Staff Sergeant if not for good judgement of my leadership not to punish me under Article 92 and 89 of UCMJ. The violation of these two articles could have severe consequences as a Staff Sergeant. A court marshall wasRead MoreEssay on 3 General Orders1460 Words   |  6 PagesThree General Orders On June 21, 2011 Spc Brown and I were on CQ duty. 1SG, the SDO and the Platoon Sergeants conducted a walkthrough of the unit’s footprint. When they entered I was laid back at the desk watching a movie, on my phone and had my boots on the desk. I did not immediately stand up or yell â€Å"AT EASE† when she entered or exited the building. She also noticed that I wasn’t writing the log down correct and didn’t log Spc Brown out when he left for dinner chow. 1SG asked if I had read the

Romantic Innocence Free Essays

Romantic Innocence Though Romanticism at large is not concerned with lost innocence only, but a whole array of human emotions, it is certainly an important theme for writers of this literary epoch. Several Romantic poems testify to this, as well as other Romantic or pre-Romantic literary texts. In the England of the 18th century, scientific progress along with industrialism had effected great changes in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Romantic Innocence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Europe on the whole was shifting rapidly: economically, socially and politically. In France, Enlightenment writers such as Rousseau had already started questioning whether â€Å"Reason† as such could solve all human problems, and in England too, Swiftian satire, for instance, had shown how insufficient rational thought can be in effecting solutions to upcoming problems, not the least social ones – of which there were to be plenty in the growing urban areas, as Industrialism progressed. Romanticism in literature was asserting itself towards the end of the century, and someone like William Blake, for instance, in his collection of poems, Songs of Innocence and of Experience, strongly questioned the state of affairs where individuals were fed into the ugly mouths of industrial society – like innocent lambs crammed into the gaping jaws of the tyrannical machinery of economic progress, administered by a state which subscribed to laissez-faire economic politics, cheered by industrialists, bankers, financiers and manufacturers. The sentiment that much of this was against nature itself was prevalent among many romantic poets and writers. â€Å"In every cry of every Man,/ In every Infant’s cry of fear,/ In every voice: in every ban,/ The mind-forg’d manacles I hear†, wrote Blake,1 and his was not the only voice of criticism. Blake juxtaposes, as it were, two areas of human experience (Innocence/Experience) – but with his lament at â€Å"lost innocence†, there is also the view that these phases are inevitable in human experience – perhaps complementary. William Wordsworth, on the other hand, indeed brings forth the view that nature carries a beauty threatened by materialism: The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending we lay waste our powers: Little we see in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon 2 The poem focuses on the loss of natural values by subscribing to distasteful materialism. The general idea is that we are more at a loss than gain in treating nature – and ourselves – this way. At this Romantic horizon a lost paradise takes shape: an innocent nature disdained by human greed or folly. This sentiment, obviously, is an ancient one. Where did we lose our step, once out of Eden? Blake would probably say that we never wholly did, whereas Wordsworth might have suffered more from nostalgia? 1 2 Blake, Songs of Experience: â€Å"London†, 1791 William Wordsworth, â€Å"The World Is Too Much With Us† Sources: Alastair Henry, Catharine Walker Bergstrom: Texts and Events, Studentlitteratur 2008 (2001) William Blake: Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Wordsworth: â€Å"The World is Too Much With Us† How to cite Romantic Innocence, Papers

Marijuana Essay Thesis Example For Students

Marijuana Essay Thesis Marijuana, mixture of leaves , stems, and buds of the indian hemp plant Cannabis sativa, Smoked or eatin for its hallucinagenic and pleaure giving effects. The main ingrediant of marijuana is THC is concentrated in the flowwering tops of the plant, Hasish a drug prepared from the plant resin, has about eight times more THC than marijuana. Marijuana grows throughout temperate regions with the most potent varieties produced in dry hot upland climates. Except for limited medical purposes, cultivatting marijuana is illegal in all but a few countries . In the U.S., possesion and use of Marijuana was legal only in the state of Alaska from 1975 to 1990 when voters approved a ballot measure that again made it illegalKnown is central Asia and China as early as 3000 BC Marijuana was used as a medicine. From about 1900 it was used for its pleasure inducing effects and by the 1960s and 70s its use became widespread. It became, after alcohol, the second most popular drug. Although marijuana was not proven addicted and no physical withdrawl symptoms occur when its discontinued psychologicol dependance can develop with consistant long term use. Many pro-marijuana advocates are pushing for the legalization of marijuana strictly for medical purposes. They feel that through certain studies, marijuana can help improve patients with certain diseases. The idea that marijuana can do more good than harm has been proven a worthless theory. One obvious way marijuana can not be effective was explained earlier when it was stated that smoking marijuana could be harmful to the lungs as well as other parts of the body. The reality is that this is very true and was backed by William M. Bennett M.D., who is listed in the Best Doctors in America. He remarked that The idea of using smoked marijuana containing carcinogens as medicine, particularly for patients who have suppressed immune systems like those with aids, should be unthinkable. Thus, prior to considering marijuana, one must abide by the old edict, first do no harm' (Kleber 6). In looking at this from a governmental position, the FDA never complied with the theory that one can smok e a medication. The United States Court of Appeals backed the FDA in 1992, by deciding that marijuana is not a medicine (http://emailprotected). Several alternatives have also been available to avoid the smoking of marijuana. Chemicals such as THC, that are said to be needed for medical purposes can be found in oral forms. Nasal sprays and suppositories are just some suggestions that anti-marijuana advocates are pushing. These alternatives allow the patient to receive the needed THC without taking in the thousands of harmful chemicals found by smoking marijuana, which would be much less harmful to the body of the patient. Overall, there is a multitude of legitimate facts, from a wide array of researchers and doctors that prove marijuana is harmful. Several questions must be answered if the legalization of marijuana is to be taken with any seriousness. What kind of marijuana would be legal and who would it pertain to? Would it only come from the government? If one says that marijuana should only be legal for a medical purpose than vehicular trauma and DUI problems could not only increase but also a medical marijuana defense could easily be used (http://emailprotected). Medical users of marijuana could smoke the drug and then drive or operate some type of machinery. If an accident did occur, the user could justify the accident with a medical excuse. How will it effect a teen-age society that continues to have a no big deal attitude toward smoking pot? How can one say that marijuana smoking will decline if more and more people are using it, and more people have a laxidasical attitude toward its use? The se questions are at the very least, difficult to answer. They prove that the American society is in no way ready to think about legalizing marijuana.Words/ Pages : 1,241 / 24

The History Of The University Of Athens-Greece Essays -

The History Of The University Of Athens-Greece tHE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS-GREECE The University of Athens was inaugurated on 3 May 1837 and was housed in the residence of architect Stamatis Cleanthes, on the north east side of the Acropolis. It was the first University not only in the newly-established Greek State but in all the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean in general. The Othonian University, as it was called before taking its present name, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, consisted of four Faculties, Theology, Law, Medicine and Arts (which included applied sciences and mathematics) It had 33 professors, 52 students and 75 non-matriculated auditors. New Classes began in a new building which designed by Danish architect Christian Hansen, in November 1841. At the same time as the Main University Building was being erected, work was also in progress on the library, the scientific collections, the laboratories and the annexes essential for the teaching and training of the students. By 1840 fifteen thousand volumes had been donated or purchased for the library. A major change in the stucture of the university came about in 1904, when the Faculty of Arts was split into two separate Faculties : that of Arts and that of Sciences, the latter consisting of the departments of Physics and Mathematics and the School of Pharmacy. In 1919 a department of Chemistry was added, and in 1922 the school of Pharmacy was renamed a Department. A further change came about when the School of Dentistry now Department of was added to the Faculty of Medicine. In this first and heroic period for Greek education, the professors of the University made superhuman efforts to bridge rhe gap between their newly founded institution and equivalent ones in advanced countries with centuries of tradition behind them. In the meantime, the number of students was rising. From 52 in 1837 enrolment reached 3358 in 1866 and calculations inticate that as a proportion of the Greek State the students represented a percentage higher than and sometimes in excess of that in the European states twenty years laterand ten times greater than that of other Balkan states and Russia. Between 1895 and 1911 an average of one thousand new students entered the Faculties each year, a figure which rose to two thousand at the end of World War I. This led to the decision to introduce entrance examinations for all the Faculties, beginning in the academic year 1927-28. Since 1954 the number of students admitted each year has been fixed by the Ministry of Education and Religion, on the proposal of the Faculties. In the 1960's construction work began on the University Campus in the suburb of Zografou. The completed Campus buildings now include those of Arts and Theology, some Departments of the Faculty of Sciences and the Students Hall of Residence. History

History of Management

History of Management Introduction Management is a profession as well as an art that has developed for a long period. Management has a long history that can be traced back to over a hundred years ago. It is important for any manager to understand the history of management to be able to steer an organization forward.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers need to understand where management started and how it has developed to reach where it is today. It is said that a country should have a memory; otherwise such a country is better referred to as ‘a nation of mad people’. Applying this to the management profession, it can be said that management that does not have memories is a management for ‘mad people’ (Smith, 2007). Not many scholars are interested in history. Most students are just interested in knowing how to manage, with only a few being interested in knowing where management came from and how it developed. This creates managers who do not have deep knowledge in management (Daft Marcic, 2013). In addition, most training institutions today do not give much emphasis on the history of management. It is still important to understand the origin of management, despite the fact that management is not a new term. The purpose of this essay is to explain why managers and management students should understand the history of management. Managers and management students need to study the history of management critically so that they can know where the profession is headed to in the future. Importance of studying history of management One of the major challenges that trainers face in teaching their managements students is taking them through the journey of the past management practices. Modern students seem not to understand much beyond their timeframe. It, therefore, becomes a mountain task for managers to explain anything that is outside w hat students have come to know as reality (Waddell, Jones George, 2011). As a result, too much of the context that management students require to understand the art of management is non-existent. Students fail to understand the contemporary importance of past theory and practice. It is important to note that the current theory has evolved from past theories. Therefore, managers and students might not understand the real context of theories and their applications if they have no idea of how the theories evolved. Understanding past theories would enable managers to compare the current practices in the organization with past theories.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would make managers and management students understand where they go wrong and when they go wrong. The past theories have been constantly improved as the economic environment changes to make them rem ain relevant. Therefore, if managers understand these theories they are able to avoid practices that are contrary to the theories. As a result, managers are in a position to execute their duties in a manner that would take the organization forward (Wren, 1987). According to Smith (2007), understanding the history of management has the ability to add value to the curriculum of management. If management trainers and students spend more time exploring and studying the history of management, it will have a number of benefits to their practice. Most students often dismiss the importance of the history of management thought, and they claim that the events of yesteryears cannot be applied in today’s practice. Smith (2007) writes that educators need to ask themselves how students would fair if they were asked to explain the history of their profession. As a matter of fact, many of these students and to some extent even the educators would not be in a position to explain that history. There is an important point that is missed by dismissing management theory. The missed point is that, â€Å"development of any theory must be viewed in the context of its time† (Smith, 2007: 12). As a result, management students are likely to miss a lot because they fail to have a grip on historical events. If students cannot learn management right, then it means that they will not be able to execute their roles in the right way once they take up management roles. Managers are likely to lead the organization in the wrong direction. Decision making might become a problem to such managers since they are not able to set the right strategies for the organization. The value of their management will be low since they are likely to achieve little success. Understanding the history of management is like acquiring wisdom. It is only when one has wisdom that they are able to improve on their knowledge. The growth of knowledge is related to the attainment of knowledge. Therefore, it is only when one understands the history of management that they are able to improve their knowledge and learning of the same. When one has the history, it acts as the cornerstone on which they can expand their knowledge. Consequently, one is able to develop their judgement, and decision making ability improves significantly. For instance, the contributions by Frederick Winslow Taylor on ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’ have remained relevant to date. Taylor is today referred to as the father of modern management. He made his contributions in the early 20th century, but these contributions have remained effective to date.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, any manager or management student who does not understand the principles of management as contributed by Taylor is likely to lack the idea of current management practices. According to Giannantonio and Hurley-Hanson (2011), the ideas of Taylor have continued to dominate the management literature in the current management thought. The arguments that Taylor made in the year 1911 in his book, ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’ remain relevant even today. It is not possible for one to debate an issue that they do not know its origin. One cannot contribute to a debate that they do not know where the topic came from. It is also not possible to join a debate in the middle and make a relevant contribution. If a manager is to make any relevant contribution to the issues raised by Taylor, then they must understand how these principles have developed since 1911 when they were first brought forward. This further highlights the importance of managers and management students to critically learn and understand the history of management (Giannantonio Hurley- Hanson, 2011). If managers spend more time studying about the history of management and the contri butions that were made by economists and managers who lived many years ago, they would get a positive effect on management in the future (Waddell, Jones George, 2011). There is historical knowledge that students are likely to acquire in the study, and can be highly relevant in today’s business. A good example of this is Fordism. The theory of Fordism has remained effective in the motor industry since it was first described by Henry Ford in the year 1914 (Shioni, 1995). Students are less likely to acquire some of these skills if they fail to study the history of management. Students who study history of management are able to understand the mistakes that were made in the past and avoid them in the future. Such students and managers are also able to come up with ideas on how to improve on those mistakes. Once the students understand how the art of management has changed over time, they are able to think and understand how the current management practices work. For example, the contribution by Max Weber about the issue of bureaucracies in organizations did not bring much success to organizations since it was not motivating most employees. If a student understands the contributions by Max Weber, they are able to rectify bureaucratic procedures in the organization and achieve the success that was not achieved by bureaucratic managers in the past. The student is also able to develop more innovative ways of managing the organization. Failure to teach the history of management cannot be wholly blamed on lack of teachers to teach, but also on the lack of quality teaching materials that can help teachers (Cummings Bridgman, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another issue that makes the history of management worth studying is that the definition of the term has its roots deep in history. The term management was yet to be defined at the beginning of the 20th century. No one had an idea of what management really is. It is interesting to note that management in practise existed long before the 20th century. However, no one had defined management until a French man known as Henri Fayol, an engineer who lived between the year 1841 and 1925, defined the term for the first time. The definition by Fayol has endured until today, and the current definition is heavily borrowed from Fayol’s definition. A student who has studied Fayol’s contribution is better positioned to define management and understand what the whole idea of management entails (Crainer, 2003). It is Fayol who suggested that a manager’s role is to ‘organize, to plan and to coordinate’ all the activities that take place in the organization. The def inition of the term management states that it management is all about â€Å"planning, controlling, coordinating, organization and staffing†. Everything that exists today comes for what was there in the past. In other words, it is not possible for organizations and the world in general to be where it is today there was no past. According to Bedeian (2004), lack of institutions to teach the history of management has led to production of managers who have doctorates, but are very illiterate. Bedeian (2004) further suggests that all the theories, models and methodologies that are applied today in management have been inherited from the past. Management students today fail in their practice since they do not appreciate a dictum by Isaac Newton in the year 1676: â€Å"that each succeeding generation stands on the shoulders of the giants that have gone before it† (Bedeian, 2004: 21). This means that it is not possible to start from nowhere and succeed in anything. One has to reflect on the works of the people who were there before and then build his or her success from there. This is a call for the current students and managers to critically understand the history of management. Managers will not succeed in their profession unless they have an idea of how the past management practices were and what mistakes were made. This way, managers will be able to correct on those mistakes and capitalize on the strengths of past theories. A manager who understands history is able to know the current position of the organization they are managing.They will then determine whether the events currently in the organization have any relation with the past events in the history of management. That way, managers will be able to understand the reason for the failures that occur in the organization and then rectify them. Generally, studying the history of management helps students and managers to integrate management with the current knowledge and consequently make very effe ctive managers who have the ability to move organizations forward (Wren, 1987). Conclusion Management is an art and a science that has evolved over time. The past management is strongly linked to the current management. As a result, for one to have a clear understanding of management it is important that they first study the history of management. This will give them a foundation on which they can build and develop their knowledge. Some of the theories and thoughts that were developed in the past are still applicable today, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the current management theories are developed from past theories. Therefore, it is important for managers and management students to study the history of management from a critical perspective. Reference List Bedeian, AG 2004 ‘The gift of professional maturity’, Academy of Management Learning Education, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 92-98 Crainer, C 2003 ‘One hundred years of management’, Business Strate gy Review, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 41-49 Cummings, S Bridgman, T 2011 ‘The relevant past: Why the history of management should be critical for our future’, Academy of Management Learning Education, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 77-93. Daft, RL Marcic, D 2013 Understanding management, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Giannantonio, CM Hurley-Hanson, AE 2011 ‘Frederick Winslow Taylor: Reflections on the relevance of the principles of scientific management 100 years later’, Journal of Business and Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7-10. Shioni, H 1995, Fordism transformed: The development of production: Methods in the automobile industry, New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Smith, GE 2007 ‘Management history and historical context: Potential benefits of its inclusion in the management curriculum’, Academy of Management Learning Education, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 522-533. Waddell, D, Jones, GR, George, JM 2011 Contemporary management, 2ndedn, McGraw-Hill Aust ralia Pty Limited, Sydney Wren, DA 1987 ‘Management history: Issues and ideas for teaching and research’, Journal of Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 339-350.

Case study Case Study 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study Case Study 6 - Essay Example The trial period of the 59 participants, who at least managed to decide on attempt at quitting, serves to realize ‘quality life’ objective in the sense that this might leave a chance to induce the smoker to consider the application in the future. Quality long life, by all means, appeals to the attention especially of those whose unbreakable chain habit is up to seek serious and thorough remedy. Program experience in its efficiency allows choices to be contemplated upon with enough duration so that each participant’s response to objective through behavior is monitored. There is then a way of determining whether the working objective or goal set is attainable and up to which degree, to enable assessment of the evaluation procedure itself. Reduced insurance cost is rather indirectly pertained to as one of the main targets but while this projected benefit earns returns on savings for the company, it would be able to sustain other areas that facilitate improvement of its services to all employees. Because smoking cessation program promotes health restoration and long life, this affects an individual’s well-being and soundness at work and with any other physical activities outside. Thus, the acquired goal effect once the smoker, on quitting, does not yield to withdrawals until the evaluation is completed, would have him develop consistent patterns of increased productivity and lowered absenteeism. The goal to render smoking workers to establish reversed habit and cure any existing ailments caused by the old vice, in the process, has made the hospital become capable of adjusting with campaign cost given that the expected savings from each participant is a function of age according to published research (Posavac). Gradually thus, the implementation of the program across-the-board realizes unforeseen investments for the company besides the sole aim to lead hazardous frequencies of corporate smoking to cessation and other healthy occasions

Firm Creation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Firm Creation - Assignment Example I was also responsible in finding and assembling the present team who like me are averse to working under others. I will be an active partner who will be responsible for marketing and sales of our skills. Brian: Brian will be the core person in the team since he is the only one at present with the technical qualification needed in our business. He is certified by the Professional Aviation Maintenance Association (PAMA) in non-destructive testing of airframes. He is also a qualified Six Sigma specialist in addition to taking a four year course at a business school and two year course in mechanical engineering. He is a willing team player, is very organized and willing to innovate and improve processes. He is also familiar with CAD and other basic computer applications. Shelley: In terms of qualification, Shelley is the odd person out in our team. She is a qualified medical assistant but is willing to take the administrative responsibilities of our firm. She is also a team player and is motivated enough to take on responsibilities. She has basic computer skill and working knowledge certain MS Office applications. Nikki: Nikki is a born leader and will act as the managing partner of our firm. ... Each of these needs to comply with safety regulations formulated by the Federal Aviation Administration and it includes airframe safety also. Accidents and subsequent rescue efforts are also a concern. New digital distress beacons called Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT) are now available that can locate the name, owner, location and type of aircraft with the help of satellites in case of a crash. But the equipment is costly and owners are reluctant to fit their planes with one. "More than 85% of private planes do not carry the improved beacons even as the government prepares to stop listening Feb. 1 for distress calls from the older, outdated beacons installed on most aircraft." (Levin, 2009). Services provided by SafeAir Consultants: SafeAir Consultancy can provide airworthiness certification with regard to airframes using non-destructive testing methods. Individual owners can be contacted for the purpose of building a client base. SafeAir can act also as a consultant and dealer in motivating owners to use the new ELTs. Their pilots and maintenance staff can also be educated about the usefulness of the ELTs. Skill profiles and suitability for the job: Building a client base can be quite tough for a new business venture. The leadership skills of Nikki and his organizational ability will be very useful in motivating other team members and other marketing staff. His high spiritedness shows an ambitious mind which is essential for any businessman who wants to achieve high growth. Shelley is also a team player and will fit in well as an administrator. She also appears to be an ethical and honest person which is very essential since handling finance is one of her responsibilities. As a family

The Soul and its Importance to Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Soul and its Importance to Theology - Essay Example We nourish our bodies' thorough proper diet and our minds through education and learning, but how do we nourish our souls As a society, we have been desensitized to the virtue of a human beings' soul. This is evident in the wide use of the term "soul-mate" and the over use of the word in the songs we hear on the radio. Most of us, rarely describe how we behave or the manner in which we live our lives, as nourishing our souls. Most of us, cannot even give a definition or description of a soul if asked. Throughout history, the definition, composition and purpose of the human soul have been heavily debated and are often referred to as the Mind/Body argument. In some theologies, it is believed that if the soul only exists in the mind and if the soul does in fact, exist in the mind then it too dies when the brain ceases to function at death. In other theologies, the soul is described as an immaterial part of our physical beings and is without physical bounds. It does not die when our physical bodies die, but transcends from our bodies at death. The objections raised in this theory point to the fact that if the soul is immaterial, that is to say that it is not composed of matter, how then, is it said to exist In his The Summa Theologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas attempted to answer this objection and other questions raised regarding the existence of the human soul. In part one of The Summa Theologica the section titled "The Treatise of Man" the objection to the composition of a soul is argued that "nothing gives what it is not; for instance what is not hot does not give heat" (Aquinas section 75 article 1 The Summa Theologica). This goes to say that if the soul is the force that moves the body, and then the soul is the body. Aquinas countered the objection to say that the soul is not the body, but an act of the body. Aquinas goes on to state that the body and soul work in conjunction to create one entity. The body, working through the material by way of its' physical senses, converts the material to the immaterial. For instance, by sight a human being attains knowledge through reading. Through hearing, a human being attains knowledge by listening. By reading words on paper and listening to words through conversation and lecture the mind converts the material to the immaterial. This cognitive soul is dependant upon sensory experiences in order to form mental images or what is referred to in ancient texts as phantasms. Therefore, Aquinas argued, the body and soul are one. This theology by Aquinas raised the next objection: If the body and soul is indeed one unit, what happens to the soul when the body dies It is often noted that Saint Thomas Aquinas found the basis for his theology through the study of Aristotle's philosophies. The division from Aristotelian for Aquinas' occurs when the Saint answers the questions as to what becomes of the soul when the physical human body no longer exists. Aquinas theorized that the soul and the body are separated at death. The continued survival of the immaterial soul after the death of the material body is based on God's will. Steeped in his belief that the body and soul exist as one unit, Aquinas states ""...it is better for the soul to be united to the body than not to be united to it, since it is

A study of girish karnads yayati

A study of girish karnads yayati As a reader of Karnads plays, one has to pay attention to their sources. Almost every text has a source in that the plot is derived from somewhere. The common sources of his plays include myth, folk tale, Puranas, historical chronicles, epics etc. He seems to have inspired from Shakespeare who follows the same tendency of adapting recognized plots. The modern dramatists tend to use original plots, or any well known historical or political event, or adapt a popular Greek myth. There is nothing wrong with the practice of adapting any known or unknown text since it may provide you with the new insight into the source text. Some critics even say that every literature is based on another literature as it carries the echoes of its procreator. For Peter Allen, literary texts are built from systems, codes, and traditions established by previous works of literature (2000: 1). The exercise of finding how the original texts are adapted and the new meaning generated in the process is worth attem pting; it offers us with a new perspective on the subject, event, plot etc. The adaptation is normally a process of putting a source text into another genre, a kind of switch over. Many fictions have been transformed into successful plays or films and vice versa: Jhumph Lahiris Namesake, for instance, is made into a film. In the West, it is a popular practice to dramatize a prose narrative or fiction. Sometimes, the adapted text provides a kind of commentary on a source text (Sanders: 18). It offers a new perspective, a viewpoint which is not realized or focused in the source text. It tries to simplify a difficult or unintelligible text to the new readership. Modern Shakespeare is a very good example of such practice. It is a kind of reinterpretation of the canonical texts either by moulding them into a different genre or relocating their cultural context. Besides, the more the adaptation deviates from the source text, the more creative and original it becomes. The question of fidelity towards the source text is irrelevant as it undermines the creativity and innovativeness of the adapted text. The recent success of adaptations is a clear rejection of all those who term these acts as imitations, copying or plagiarism, or repetition. This is because they sustain or prolong our pleasure of the source text. As John Ellis puts it, Adaptation into another medium becomes a means of prolonging the pleasure of the original presentation, and repeating the production of a memory (1982: 4-5). Adaptation is a never ending process; as long as the source text sustains its relevance, a need to adapt it would be felt. Adaptation of a popular story is a profitable enterprise for many reasons. It has already attracted the attention of readers. It has reached a large section of people, and its properties- title, author, characters-may be a franchise in or of themselves already (wikipedia). All these reasons prompt writers to attempt adaptations regularly thereby to be assured of the success of their works. Though adaptation into a stage play is a common activity, it has its own limitations due to the spacio-temporal restrictions of the stage. A playwright has to work within these restrictions by adopting various techniques such as ellipsis, interpolation, narrative etc. Karnad engages himself in what Genette calls transgeneric practice i.e. adapting mythic narratives, folk narratives and historical chronicles into drama. He takes plots from these sources and delivers them in new dramatic forms. In that sense all his plays are transpositions in which the original narratives are adapted with the aesthetic conventions of an entirely different generic process (Sanders: 20). Moulded into a new form these texts offer a new perspective of life which is relevant in the present context. Karnad derives plots from these sources because he feels that they are relevant and enable him to reflect on the contemporary social and political life in a more subtle and systematic way. There are many taboos and forbidden things in the world which can not be discussed overtly. Otherwise you would invite the irk of society unnecessarily. Sources such as myth, folk or historical events/lives of historical figures offer him with a safety valve which enables the expression of the unacceptable or forbidden ideas in an acceptable manner. To put it simply, one can camouflage ones comment on the present social and political conditions with these adaptations. Take the example of Tughlaq which is considered to be a critique of Post-Nehru era in Indian politics. Tughlaq helps Karnad in expressing the disillusionment after the death of Pandit Nehru effectively. The play that started Girish Karnads successful career as a playwright was Yayati. It was penned over a few weeks in 1960 when Karnad was planning to leave India for Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar for three years against the wishes of his parents. Hence, the play had its relevance that older generation demand sacrifices on the part of younger generation. Unlike his other play, it was Priya Adarkar who first translated the play. It served the purpose until Girish Karnad himself felt the need to translate it in 2008. Actually he was reluctant to touch the play, a work of his juvenilia (written when he was only twenty two.) The present translation of the play by Karnad is, therefore, modified and enriched with the suggestions from Satyadev Dubey, Dr. Shreeram Lagoo, and C. R. Simha. On the suggestion of Kurtkoti, Karnad, in Yayati, tried to reinterpret the myth psychoanalytically like Eugene ONeill. Karnad was very much influenced by ONeills Mourning Becomes Electra and wanted to achieve the same kind of intensity. Karnad found the myth of Yayati-Devayani-Sharmishtha rich in possibilities for the expression of psychological and physiological needs of human beings and social obligations. It was moulded on John Anouilhs plays as he was influenced by Alkazi (who had tremendous influence of Anouilh). He experienced Anouilh through Alkazi and wrote his first play Yayati which was inspired from Anitigone. The myth of Yayati-Devayani-Sharmishtha has been continuously adapted in Indian literature. It has been turned into many plays and novels. There are films based on the myth. In Marathi literature, the two Jnanapith Awardees Khandekar and Shiravadkar (Kusumagraj) adapted the myth into a novel and a stage play respectively. Indian writers fascination with the myth of Yayati still exists and works based on the myth pour in every year. However, Karnads adaptation holds an important place in these outnumbering adaptations. He challenges the very authority of parents by inventing the character of Chitralekha who questions the moral authority of Yayati in taking over her husbands youth on the very first night of their marriage. According to Devdutta Pattaniak (2006 article: Myth Theory), in Hindu mythology there is a famous Yayati Complex, that is, parents expecting sacrifices on the part of their children to fulfill their selfish motives. He termed it as reverse Oedipus Complex. In Greek mythology, there are numerous tales depicting a son responsible for the death of his father. For example, the famous tale of Oedipus Rex. However, in Hindu mythology we have the reverse situation i.e. a father destroys his son to fulfill his ambitions. Whether it is Bhisma, Rama or Pooru, they have to sacrifice for the sake of their fathers. The Yayati Complex indicates the moral obligations in Indian family which even Karnad had to abide by when he decided to go to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar for three years. Hence, Karnad employed the myth to show the intricacies of Indian family structure and challenge its moral authority which makes sons like Pooru to sacrifice their prime and precious things to keep it intact. He write s, While I was writing the play, I saw it only as an escape from my stressful situation. But looking back, I am amazed at how precisely the myth reflected my anxieties at that moment, my resentment with all those who seemed to demand that I sacrifice my future. By the time I had finished working on Yayati-during the three weeks it took the ship to reach England and in the lonely cloisters of the university the myth had enabled me to articulate to myself a set of values that I had been unable to arrive at rationally. Whether to return home finally seemed the most minor of issues; the myth had nailed me to the past (2008: 74). Karnad sticks to the original story as far as the past of the characters is concerned. The prenuptial conflicting relation of Devayani and Sharmishtha, Yayatis encounter with Devayani whom he found in a well after her quarrel with Sharmishtha, and his marriage with Devayani form the part of exposition which is spread through the play. In the play, Yayatis liaison with Sharmishtha and willingness to marry her angers Devayani. She makes her father Shukracharya curse Yayati for his transgression to become decrepitude. In the original story, Devayani learns about the marriage between Sharmishtha and Yayati from their sons. Interpolation is a common feature in adaptations. Karnad too invents the character of Chitralekha as a wife of Pooru. Her function is to questions the moral authority of Yayati in taking her husbands youth for his sensuous pleasure. She suggests Yayati to take over the role of husband. Chitralekha: I did not know Prince Pooru when I married him. I married him for his youth. For his potential to plant the seed of the Bharatas in my womb. He has lost that potency now. He doesnt possess any of the qualities for which I married him. But you do. Yayati (flabbergast): Chitralekha! Chitralekha: You have taken over your sons youth. It follows that you should accept everything that comes attached to it. Yayati: Whore! Are you inviting me to fornification? (2008:65-66) The suggestion of Chitralekha makes Yayati realize his mistake and her suicide forces him to return Poorus youth. Swarnalatas character like that of Chitralekha is invented and runs parallel to the disenchantment experienced by the latter. She has also lost her husband and thinks that death brings peace, the deliverance from uncertainty (2008: 60). However, she repents her proposition when she finds Chitralekha, taking cue from her speech, commits suicide. Just as Swarnalatas husband deserted her when he learned about her relationship with her teacher, Devayani too deserts Yayati after he makes love to Sharmishtha. Swarnalatas married life is Karnads addition to the original tale. Tranpositional practices form the core of adaptation activity as genre-switch is mostly what is expected of it. Karnad takes the story from one genre i.e. mythic story as it appeared in Mahabharata and delivers it to new audiences by means of the aesthetic conventions of an entirely different generic process, a stage play. Yayatis story which happened over many years is shown to be happening in a very limited span of time in Karnads Yayati. He has to cut or shorten many action units to focus on the core part of the myth i.e. transplantation of age. Most of the events are merely narrated and conveyed or suggested by characters the past of Devayani and Sharmishtha, Shukracharya cursing Yayati, Poorus marriage and many other events. The identity of Poorus mother is not revealed until the third and fourth Act. In the first Act, there is an impression that Devayani is Poorus mother unlike in the original tale. However, it becomes clear from the third Act that it is Sharmishtha not Devayani who is the mother of Pooru. The revelation of Sharmishtha as Poorus mother makes us understand that Yayati has been in love with her for a long time keeping Devayani in ignorance. It is only in the second Act that she becomes witness to their transgression and decides to leave the palace. That means Sharmishtha is not shown married to Yayati as in the original tale. And it is more than mere vengeance on the part of Sharmishtha in the play. She remains firm behind Yayati and tries to prevent him from exchanging his decrepitude with anyone including Pooru. She wants him to accept his fate and lead a life of an ascetic. Overall Karnad has been faithful to the source text of Yayati. However, he has made few changes to intensify the theme of social obligations and ripeness is all. As Karnad says: †¦old age brings no knowledge, no self realization, only the senselessness of a punishment meted out for an act in which he (Pooru) had not even participated (2008: 73). The play shows that mere old age (i.e.Yayati) should not be revered but the maturity of a youth (i.e. Pooru). The adaptation of the myth of Yayati by Karnad has its relevance not only at the time it was written but also to the present time when children have to sacrifice their wishes to the whims of their parents who are competing with other parents. However, some children are also forcing their loved ones to bend to their wishes. So it is very clear that adaptations provide us with new perspectives and points of view.

huck finn :: essays research papers

Martin Luther King Jr. The achievements of Martin Luther King Jr. For his people and other nationalities that led to his death.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leader of the Civil Rights Movement and non-violent campaign of the 1950’s and 60’s.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Created the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957 to direct the Civil Rights Movement.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His non-violent movements were successful and ended segregation in the south as well as other parts of the United States.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His march in Washington was the largest protest demonstration and his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech came from it.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for promoting non-violent tactics.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Led the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wrote ‘Letter from Birmington Jail’ showing his moral philosophy.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was assassinated on April 4, 1968 by James Earl Ray Jackie Robinson, a great and historical baseball player. Jim, a run-away slave in search of freedom. Both share many of the same qualities. Among them are, they both broke color barriers. One broke the color barrier in the game of baseball, while the other broke it in a book. But both of these heroes are intelligent, courageous, and caring. All these qualities listed equal an ideal hero, whether it might be a real of fictional hero. The first and most important quality a hero needs is intelligence. Both Jackie Robinson and Jim had that. They each carried it out and showed it differently, but they were both intelligent. Even though one was a professional baseball player and the other a runaway slave, they both were intelligent in their own unique way. They both did what their mind told them and accomplished the goal that they wanted to achieve, even though one was real and the other one wasn’t. Jackie Robinson showed his intelligence through his actions. He was not only a great baseball player, but also a good businessman and executive. While he was on the baseball field, he had many fans that loved him and some many who hated him. But he didn’t let them stop him from pursuing his career. Many people who didn’t like him, threw rocks and bottles at him just because he was black, and even sent him death threats to him in the mail. But unlike many people, he did not fight back, instead he ignored them and proved that he was the greatest baseball player at that time: â€Å" Jackie Robinson did not merely play at center stage.

Consumer Questionnaire for Soft Drinks Essay

1.What is your monthly budget for consumption of drinks? Ans- Around Rs 300. 2 .Are you satisfied with the drinks available to you in the market? Ans- Yes, although different flavours would be appreciated, along with aerated fruit drinks. 3.Do you find the price range of these drinks to be appropriate?what is yan approximation of an ideal prioce? Ans- Not really. As it exceeds the budget if you generally eat out more than twice a week as is the case with most people. Rs 15 for 200 ml. 4.Are you willing to make changes to your existing choice of product?what would u like to see in a drink? Ans- Yes, if a new product with my requirements is available. Less sugar , less preservatives natural, no preservatives colour calories etc. 5.What more do you expect from your drink manufacturer that can help you to derive maximum satisfaction? Ans-Healthier drinks are more appreciated as opposed to sugar filled carbonated drinks. Also the pricing can be changed to make it better for consumers to buy on a regular basis. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RETAILERS- MORE MANAGER, SADAKAT PEERZADE 1.What is your approximate profits from the sale of Soft drinks per month? Ans- turnover Around 1-2 lakhs, about 2-3 % . 2.Are you willing to take up promotional activities for a new range of products in this line? What kind? Ans- yes if the product is up to the standards we require and we get some incentives. 3.What is the feedback received from the consumers regarding the available products? Ans- Customers wanted more healthy options, drinks with less sugar, the most popular being Real fruit juices. 4.Do the existing manufacturer provide you assistance for the marketing of their products? Ans-Yes such as discounts on products and special offers offering extra quantity at the same price. Coupon booklets are also used along with leaflets. 5.Do you suggest any changes in the Marketing/Distribution system which can help to save cost? Ans- Providing more coolers and other storage facilities for stock to ensure better distribution. Also better packaging, quick deliveries so extra stock need not be kept. Free samples.

Free Essays on Madame Bovary

A Critical Analysis of the Character â€Å"Madame Bovary† Of the Novel Madame Bovary By Gustave Flaubert The character of Madame Bovary consists of many different components. At first Emma Bovary seems content and unassuming. She doesn’t question anything done, and is very easy to please. As the first nine chapters progress, Emma grows uneasy and upset. She stops taking care of her house and home, leaving her husband to wonder what the problem is. After she witnesses the lavish lifestyle that is completely different from her own, in anger, Madame Bovary loses all love and respect for herself, her husband, her home, and slowly descends into a deep depression. When Monsieur Bovary first met Emma Rouault she was living and taking care of her sick father in Les Bertaux. She loved her father and worked hard to take care of him and their house. Emma Rouault also had a confidence about herself, â€Å" . . . she had an open gaze that met yours with fearless candor† (Flaubert, 858). This openness attracted the then married Monsieur Bovary. He had never encountered a woman like her before, and he spent time with her even after he was done taking care of her father, â€Å" . . . he went back the very next day, then twice a week regularly, not to mention unscheduled calls he made from time to time, as though by chance† (859). After Monsieur Bovary’ wife dies, he takes Emma as his wife and she moves with him to Tostes. After the couple is married, Madame Bovary finds happiness in her home, but slowly she grows discontent, â€Å"But even as they were brought closer by the details of daily life, she was separated from by a growing sense of inward detachment† (874). Madame Bovary felt Charles was very boring and very plain and the married life was nothing like what she expected. Charles didn’t understand his wife’s feelings and that separated them even more â€Å"He took it for granted that she was content; and she res... Free Essays on Madame Bovary Free Essays on Madame Bovary A Critical Analysis of the Character â€Å"Madame Bovary† Of the Novel Madame Bovary By Gustave Flaubert The character of Madame Bovary consists of many different components. At first Emma Bovary seems content and unassuming. She doesn’t question anything done, and is very easy to please. As the first nine chapters progress, Emma grows uneasy and upset. She stops taking care of her house and home, leaving her husband to wonder what the problem is. After she witnesses the lavish lifestyle that is completely different from her own, in anger, Madame Bovary loses all love and respect for herself, her husband, her home, and slowly descends into a deep depression. When Monsieur Bovary first met Emma Rouault she was living and taking care of her sick father in Les Bertaux. She loved her father and worked hard to take care of him and their house. Emma Rouault also had a confidence about herself, â€Å" . . . she had an open gaze that met yours with fearless candor† (Flaubert, 858). This openness attracted the then married Monsieur Bovary. He had never encountered a woman like her before, and he spent time with her even after he was done taking care of her father, â€Å" . . . he went back the very next day, then twice a week regularly, not to mention unscheduled calls he made from time to time, as though by chance† (859). After Monsieur Bovary’ wife dies, he takes Emma as his wife and she moves with him to Tostes. After the couple is married, Madame Bovary finds happiness in her home, but slowly she grows discontent, â€Å"But even as they were brought closer by the details of daily life, she was separated from by a growing sense of inward detachment† (874). Madame Bovary felt Charles was very boring and very plain and the married life was nothing like what she expected. Charles didn’t understand his wife’s feelings and that separated them even more â€Å"He took it for granted that she was content; and she res... Free Essays on Madame Bovary Let’s be Real According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term realism can be defined as, â€Å"an inclination or attachment to what is real; tendency to regard things as they really are; any view or system contrasted with idealism.† In literature, realism is an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity. It is most often associated with the literary movement arising in France during the nineteenth century; primarily, it is a reaction against Romanticism’s idealism and subjectivity. The French writer Gustave Flaubert and Leo Tolstoy from Russia are examples of Realist writers. Realists wanted a true representation in literature of reality of contemporary life and manners (Lawall 837). In order for Realist writers to be objective, â€Å"the personality of the author was to be suppressed or was at least to recede into the background, since reality was to be seen ‘as is’†(Lawall 837). For that reason, realism has been ch iefly preoccupied with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle classes. Characters were no longer represented as heroes or mythological figures; instead, they had the traits of ordinary, middle class people. In addition, themes in realist literature are mundane and ugly such as prostitution, political corruption, and poverty. Written by Gustave Flaubert during the 1850s, the novel Madame Bovary is an example of realist literature. Through character, plot and style, Flaubert emphasizes several realist values and sensibilities. In the novel, the protagonist, Charles Bovary’s wife, Emma Bovary, is trapped inside the life that she lives along her husband because she is obsessed with the idealized vision of romantic love. In the end of the novel, Emma Bovary’s stress led her to commit suicide. Eckardt 2 One way that Flaubert asserts Realist values in Madame Bovary is through Charles Bovary’s character. Charles is a real character with simple desi... Free Essays on Madame Bovary Madame Bovary â€Å"The tragic flaws of Madame Bovary† Bovarysme is a psychological condition in which one deludes themselves into what they are, and to what is life’s potential for them. And bovaryistic is an appropriate adjective to use when discussing Emma Bovary, the main character in Gustave Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary. Emma’s story is one of a woman, dissatisfied with her marriage that turns to other men for affairs, goes into debt, and eventually commits suicide. On the surface, this novel appears very simple yet ceases to be when one considers exactly why Emma behaved the way she did in Madame Bovary. Her tragic flaw was bovarysme but Emma behaved the way she did for several separate but connecting issues: she was a victim of her own romantic ideals, she lived during the ‘bourgeois century’, and her simply being a women. Emma fell victim to her own romanticism at a very young age. She was raised in a convent and her only ideas of love and marriage were from what she learned while reading her romantic novels. The problem with her reading these romantic novels is that because she had led a very sheltered existence up to this point, she had no idea how false those ideals where. Those novels, to Emma, brought about a basic false understanding of the world. Her expectations for life were too high and she did not know her own feelings, but merely those that she had read about in her stories. The first example of this is Emma’s marriage to Charles Bovary. Emma goes into the marriage with very high expectations, but is soon disappointed in her marriage from the very beginning. Emma shows her dramatic and romantic flair when deciding on how the marriage ceremony should go. â€Å"Emma would, on the contrary, have preferred to have a midnight wedding with torches, but old Rouault could not unde rstand such an idea† (17). This begins the pattern of what would continue for the rest of the novel. Emma dre... Free Essays on Madame Bovary As a young man, Flaubert was well aware of incompetence in the medical profession, and the middle class ‘lip service’, which her portrayed through Homais in Madame Bovary, and began to despise the mendacity of middle class all the more as he embraced the writings the likes of Rousseau, Lord Byron, and Sir Walter Scott. In Madame Bovary, Emma has a certain romantic aspect similar to Flaubert that is a longing for things to be perfect. This perfectionism was arguably an obsession for Flaubert as evidenced by the meticulous care and time he took to write this work. In college, Flaubert fell victim to excessive romantic ideals, such as those portrayed in Emma and had a failed marriage with an older woman. His personal attitudes about love are portrayed though Emma. After his divorce, he engaged in a relationship with the poetess Louise Colet that was mainly based on letter writing, just as Emma’s affairs with Rodolphe and Leon rely very much on written correspond ence. This relationship with Miss Colet, in which the two saw each other only six times in the first two years, illustrates clearly the fact that Flaubert, like Emma Bovary, liked the idea of having a lover more than actually having one. In 1844, after developing a nervous disorder that required him to retire to his family estate, Through the isolation and boredom of this provincial life that Emma Bovary was created not only as a representation of Flaubert’s romantic longings, but as a universal example of a woman bored with a mediocre life. He created a type of character, not a specific individual. He claimed that Emma Bovary was â€Å"suffering and weeping at this very moment in twenty villages in France†. Flaubert is quoted as having said â€Å"Madame Bovary c’est moi†, â€Å"I am Madame Bovary†, meaning that he, himself was possessed the same romantic traits as Emma. Part of the character Emma Bovary, is also based off the true story of Eu gene Delemare, who was ...

Future fiction essays

Future fiction essays In Monica Hughess story, The Price of Land, the government saw human life in dollar symbols. The story tells of a farming family who had not experienced the best of luck making money off of the farm. Money was short but there was a solution offered by the government; not too with farming or anything like that. Jim, the father figure, received a letter, with an offer that would prove hard to refuse. Jims seventy year-old mother in-law was living with him and his family. She was collecting a small pension and was a contributing member to the household. Although the penny-pinching government saw that it would be cheaper in the long run to just buy this womans life and give a cut of the money they would have spent to support her in her last years to her family. The offer sounded good to Jim, though he did feel bad, and Gran thought it would be best for the struggling young family. They went through with the deal and Gran was euthanized. Does this sound like nonsense, or could this type of thing really happen? I think it would take a severe moral breakdown in society to bring about those types of changes. But, what would it take? Heres a scenario I have thought about that is somewhat similar to the situation presented by Monica Hughes. Approximately one hundred or fewer years from now the world could see a revolution fueled by the rise of technology. Technology meaning, communications, robotics and automated computer controlled systems. Like the industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we could see a population growth that might disturb the distribution of wealth. Another possible development in the future is the robotic workforce. This in itself is quite a concept when you consider the number of jobs that could be taken away from people and given to robots. The unemployment rates could seriously damage our economy. ...

Human Traffic into the United States Research Proposal

Human Traffic into the United States - Research Proposal Example Background of the Study Human trafficking has been a lucrative trade with an estimated income of over $30 billion per year in the international trade despite the efforts of several human rights bodies and government to stop the trade and other human rights violations. The United States government has been on the frontline to fight human smuggling and trafficking as a crime against humanity and state due to violation of immigration laws. Treaties and conventions against human trafficking and modern slavery have proved fruitless to curb the vice regionally and in internationally, necessitating the need to study and evaluate alternative means of curbing this menace. Criminal justice studies suggest the need for an alternative approach to addressing the various perspectives of international laws on human rights (Kara, 2009) and this needs to be addressed and further studies conducted if the respect of human rights and freedom has to be fully exercised. Problem Statement Despite the effor ts of Non-Governmental Organizations and the United States government efforts to stop human trafficking and smuggling, the exercise has been on the rise and a study to investigate the core factors that necessitate the transfer and smuggling of individuals in to the United States will be paramount. The rise of these activities reflects continued violation of human rights and state’s immigration laws, prospects that have led to a rise in the number of illegal migrants in to the United States majority of whom indulge in criminal activities. Criminal Justice Question: Why has the number of human trafficking incidences been on the rise in United States and what can be done to curb the vice? Research Questions: What accounts for the increase in cases of human trafficking in to the United States? What factors from the victim’s point of view or what promises do the traffickers give the victims that necessitated easy transfer and harboring? What is the major motive of these hum an trafficking activities into the United States, are they socially or economically motivated? What factors have necessitated free and uncontrolled border entry and how do traffickers manage to conduct their businesses unnoticed? What measures has the government and other security arms taken to mitigate these activities within the United States’ territory? What alternative measures have been taken by Non-Governmental Organizations and other lobby groups in addressing the rise considering their initial strategies have somehow proved unfruitful? Hypothesis: There is a relationship between poverty and globalization which has led to weakening of political and social/cultural institutions promoting decay in social and economic norms and mores. Significance of the Study By understanding factors that have led to the increase of human trafficking, the government and immigration departments will take the necessary measures to curb the vice in subsequent years. Unearthing the motives o f trafficking and smuggling will help social and economic institutions to strengthen their policies that promote equal human treatment and those that will enhance human rights and freedom watch. By evaluating the borders activities and/or the relationship of border officers with the traffickers will assist the government and relevant ministries to revise immigration laws and policies to further curb unrestricted entry. As a

See the details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

See the details - Essay Example Musical Revolution: During his times, Elvis was very passionate about listening to different kind of music. As a result, he became an influencing icon who directly influenced the pop ballads and other varied array of music including, country music, gospel, and African American R&B which he grew listening to on the streets during his times (Cantor, 2005). This aspiration led him to create and develop his own kind of music. He brought a major change to the music industry and the society through his efforts and ambition. He mixed different musical influences into a network of diversity which was never experimented or created by anyone before Elvis. This led him to hold the position of the country’s first Rock and Roll idol that provided the new generation with a diversified musical creation of his own. Elvis career was faced with many highs and lows but he made a remarkable history in the world of music during two most prominent times- from 1955 to 1956 when he was credited for h is musical compositions throughout the nation and around the world. This not only gained him nationwide recognition but it also helped him to gain the international fame (Cantor, 2005). And the second period, dates back to 1970, when he finally settled himself as an icon for producing music in different genres and running successfully his tours and performances at both national and international levels (Brown and Broeske, 1997). Even today after 26 years of his death, Elvis Presley still holds an eminent position in the world of music and he can still be credited as an undisputed â€Å"diva† of Rock& Roll. Elvis never rocked the music industry with his Rock & Roll identity. He was failed to impress Sam Phillips during his recordings at Sun Records in the year 1954. He sang ballads after ballads but he failed to meet the expectations of Sam Phillips who thought of him a young talent who badly failed to compete with the stars like Johnny Ray, Eddie Fisher and many more. However , accidently during the breaks, Elvis fell on singing the unrehearsed version of â€Å"That’s All Right† by the one and only Arthur Crudups. The song is a beautiful composition which projects that how a white man sings the black-influenced tune. It highlights a unique combination of cultures and a very different kind of music that attracted Phillips. This tune as sung by Elvis held his attention. Coining His Influence on Youth and Shaping a New Pop Culture: His musical composition of the song created in 1945 to 1955 revolutionized the national musical industry. During his earliest performances, Elvis started mixing different genres with each other. For example, he added R&B to the country music and vice versa. This helped Elvis to discover a new array of musical compositions and he adapted a new style. He was also criticized for giving rise to a new genre â€Å"Rock& Roll† and eliminating the traditional yet so called pop music. By 1956, Elvis gained the fame as a national star and he was very much known for initiating the rock and roll movement (Cantor, 2005). He set himself as an example of bringing in the change for the youth of his times. Elvis was a new icon for a new generation. He provided the youth of 1950’s with new highly rich musical melodies which were very different from the traditional music or the music of their parents. He coined his own style and sound. He was often called as rebellious, lewd or a revolutionist in a negative

Worldwide Recycling Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Worldwide Recycling Comparison - Essay Example The composting of biodegradable waste products is also considered a form of recycling. The materials to be recycled are sorted, cleaned after collection, and then reprocessed to new products bound for manufacturing process (Blaine, Lichtkoppler, Jones, & Zondag, 2005). One of the countries that has effective recycling programs is Switzerland. Waste recycling in Oregon is done by following an act that makes a statewide system for managing solid waste. Most of the population places the tins, glass, newspaper, aluminium and other recyclable materials at curbside for pick up by the recycling companies. The materials may also be taken to public landfills, transfer stations and other convenient locations for pick up. After the materials are taken the collection centers, the full process of recycling follows until the products are sold in the market (Wong & S.-F, 2006). The process involves three main steps before the final product is released to the final users. Recycling includes the three steps that create a continuous loop represented by the conventional recycling symbol. The process encompasses the first stage that is the collection and processing of the materials to be recycled. The collection takes different shapes like curbside, drop-off centers and refund programs. The collection is followed by taking the recyclables t o a recovery facility to be sorted, cleaned and then processed into new products that can be used in the manufacturing industry (MacBride, 2012). The second step after material collection and sorting is manufacturing. Most of the products nowadays are made using recycled content. Most of the household products that have been made using recycled materials include among others, newspapers and paper towels, plastic and glass soft drink containers, steel cans and plastic laundry detergent bottles. The last step in the process is that of purchasing new products that are made from recycled materials.

Genetically Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically Food Essay An arguable statement about genetically engineered food being the means to end hunger around the world is gaining momentum as the population continues to increase and people continue to die of starvation. In the biotech world, what is known as agricultural biotechnology, supporters believe that this could guarantee and maintain food security for the hungry. On the other hand many people have concerns over consuming genetically engineered food. Many foods on the market today contain some part of GM (genetically modified) food. Approximately 85% of corn, 91% of soybeans, and 88% of cottonseed are genetically engineered which are used on food for human consumption. (http://truefoodnow. org/campaigns/genetically-engineered-foods/) The question remains on whether genetically engineered food safe? Various groups do not deem biotechnology as the answer to ending world hunger but they consider poverty to be the reason for the shortage of food worldwide. In order to discuss the possible advantages or disadvantages of genetically engineered food, it must be defined. Genetic Engineering as defined by Merriam-Webster is a group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result into an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics. The term Genetically Modified is commonly used term to describe food that has been modified in a laboratory to produce preferred traits such as resistance to pest and diseases, increased nutritional value, and much more. Farmers have been crossbreeding animals and plants for years to produce desired traits but this traditional form can be a lengthy process and not very accurate at times. Using a laboratory for genetic engineering not only can they yield the traits being sought after but can do it in a much faster rate and with more accuracy. In 2008, GM crops were planted on an estimated 308. 8 million acres worldwide, a year-over-year increase of 26. 4 million acres. (Turk Bensel, 2011) There are currently 25 countries growing genetically engineered crops. (Turk Bensel, 2011) In 1994 the first genetically engineered whole product, a tomato, went on the market. (Whitman) This not a new technology but people are becoming more aware of what they are in taking with their food. Supporters of GM food say that these foods pose no risk and are not different from conventional foods. As Tietel and Wilson stated in their book, Genetically Engineered Foods: Changing the Nature of Nature: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet, would you want to be on a jetliner and open your morning paper as the plane is taking off see that they are just now doing test to determine whether or not the new model plane you are in is safe? Of course not, one would hope that all testing has been done prior to the plane being put into use. Our government, scientists, and researchers who support the concept are willing to allow genetically engineered food into our diets without sufficient testing being done to understand any long term effects. Numerous environmental groups feel that genetic engineering must be discarded due to the unknown effects they may have on humans. Some of the main arguments against GM foods are what environment hazards they may cause, the health risk to humans, and economic concerns. Genetically modified food is already present in some many food sources that we ingest; one would have to ask if there disadvantages to producing and utilizing genetically engineered food? Like anything else that is done there are hazards associated with the process and they must be addressed. The FDA set forth guidelines for testing to ensure the safety of bioengineered food. In 1994 they also established a consultation process to assist developers in meeting the safety standards set forth in their guidelines. (Bren, 2003) The problem many protestors of GM food see is that the consultation is not mandatory and is only on a volunteer basis. Nothing guarantees that all companies are using the volunteer process although the FDA believes they all are. A main safety concern involving genetically modified crops is the danger of introducing allergens and toxins into these foods. The news will report on huge jumps in childhood food allergies, but the reports fail to consider the link between the changes in America’s diet. (Smith, 2007) In the 1990s a study was done showing that people who were allergic to nuts had an allergic reaction to soybeans that had been altered using a protein found in Brazil Nuts. Some people have severe food allergies to nuts and reactions can be life threatening. The only way to conclusively test for allergies is by human consumption. Opponents of GM food state the people are being used as guinea pigs. (Smith, 2007) Incidents such as the allergic reactions to GM soybeans shows how vitally important it is to label products that have been engineered. Governments and factions that back genetically engineered foods don’t feel labeling are necessary because they say there is no significant difference between GM food and unmodified food. If genetically modified food is going to be a success, we have to market it, not hide it, said Elbert van Donkersgoed, executive director of the Christian Farmers Federation of Ontario. (Strathdee, 1999) Consumers have the right to be informed. Organic foods are labeled; beef that has been grass fed only and contains no hormones are labeled, as well as eggs that were produced by cage free chickens. Everything has a label saying what it is made of except when it comes to GM food. By not labeling GM products it makes it seem as if there is something to hide about them. Fears over what genetically modified crops may do to the environment have activist condemning corporations for putting profit over possible hazards. Herbicide-tolerant crops are designed to tolerate herbicides that are used to kill unwanted plants such as weeds but can also kill the crop. These types of are commonly known as Roundup ready because they are designed to resist Monsanto’s glyphosate herbicide, known as Roundup. (Turk Bensel, 2011) The worries is that weeds will cross-breed with the Roundup ready crops and create a super weed that will be hard to kill. Now the weeds that died when treated with Roundup are now resistant just like the crops. Having super weeds would force companies to come up with different chemical compounds to combat the issue possibly causing new toxins to be released into the environment. Roundup ready seeds become useless and now farmers lose money because they can’t keep the weeds out of their crops. Not only do you worry about cross-breeding the possibility of cross-pollination can happen from one farmer’s field of GM crops to another farmer’s field of non GM crops. Farmers have been sued because companies feel slighted saying that GM seeds were used and they received no money from it. Moral questions are raised whether it is truly about the money are helping to produce better food sources? Along with herbicide-tolerant crops, you also have insect-resistant crops that have pesticides inserted to help with pest control. Just like with herbicide-tolerant crops, you run the risk of insects mutating and no longer being affected by the pesticide. DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) which was developed in the 1940s was used to fight insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and others that effected crops and animals as well. For awhile it was affective on mosquitoes but some species became immune to and rendering it ineffective. It was eventually banned due to be harmful to humans and the environment in the United States. Using crops that have pesticides in them we run the risk of pesticides becoming useless. Besides the health and environmental hazards, there are also economic concerns as well. Making genetically modified food is costly and lengthy process and agricultural companies are looking to make a profit. They patent their products and technologies so that no one can violate their rights and use them. Consumers worry about prices been driven up by the patents and farmers and poorer countries not being able to pay for them. With all these negative aspects that I have mentioned it no wonder that so many are against the use and genetically modified crops. Consumer advocates see that most companies seem to be in it for the financial gain and not to end world hunger. Not every aspect involving genetically modified crops is bad. They contain some very good attributes that may be able fix the supply and demand for food for the world’s growing population. Food would no longer be a scarce commodity and the supply could be increased to meet the demands of a growing population. The main advantages of bioengineered crops are the ability to incorporate pesticides and herbicides into the seed, being able to increase the nutritional value to better meets the needs of the impoverished, pharmaceutical purposes, cold and drought tolerance, and phytoremediation. Crop losses for farmers from insects can ravage them financially cause famine for third world countries. Due to the threat of insects farmers use a lot of chemicals to protect their crops. Chemicals have proven to be harmful to the environment, animals, and humans. Agricultural waste has polluted water ways and damaged some ecosystems beyond repair. Genetically modified crops with pesticides added into them reduces the need to spray large amounts of chemicals that pollute the air and water. Similar to crops altered with pesticides, herbicide-tolerant plants reduce the amount of herbicides used keep crops from being killed by them lessens the destructive outcome on the environment. Spraying herbicides is very time consuming and often will take multiple sprayings to be affective. Expenses associated with treating crops are reduced and agricultural waste is nearly eliminated. This transforms to savings for consumers and makes food more affordable for those living in poverty. Certain areas of the world are prone to drought while others may have unexpected frost. Scientist and developers have created an anti-freeze gene that will keep crops from dying off in during a cold snap. With climate change and weather becoming unpredictable this technology will benefit so many. In countries like Africa that dessert conditions farmers will be able to grow crops that are able to survive long periods without rain. States that receive snow and freezing temperatures as earlier as October will be able to yield crops after the first frost. Everyone has seen the commercials on of the starving children asking to you to give just thirty cents a day to help feed them. Children featured are malnourished and living off nothing more than rice and water. Where poverty is so far spread in underdeveloped countries and people’s diet only consist of a few items, they still lack the necessary nutrients that are needed for survival. Consequences of not getting a balanced diet full of vitamins and minerals will cause many to die or suffer other ailments that are preventable with vitamins and minerals such as blindness. What if the rice may possibly be altered to add in the vital missing vitamins and minerals? The nutritional value of the food could be enhanced to include beta-carotene which is vitamin A, that would fix the deficiency and keep people from going blind due to the lack there of this vitamin. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of golden rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene. (Whitman, 2000) There millions of people around the world in undeveloped countries and are impoverished and unable to afford life saving vaccines and medicines. Vaccines and medicine are costly to produce and sometimes require certain storage conditions which a lot of countries don’t have where the poor live. Scientists are growing plants that will produce anti-bodies to fight heart disease, cancer, and tooth decay. (Bren, 2003) Not only that, they are also experimenting with fruits and vegetables that contain vaccines. This would make them so much easier to ship, store, and administer compared to traditional ways. Countless lives may possibly be saved. Survival of the human race and the ending of pointless suffering is great advantage to biotechnology. Humans have caused so much pollution to the planet. Numerous ecosystems have been destroyed and thousands of species are now extinct. Phytoremediation is the altering of plants such as trees to help clean up heavy metal contamination from the soil. The roots would soak up contaminates and clean the soil so that it becomes viable once again. Pollution plagues society in almost everything we do. Biotechnology is the wave of the future. Advocates of GM food truly feel that the technological advances ought to be seen as beneficial and way to end global hunger and help the environment. Famine and malnourishment could be things of the past. Picture a world where everyone has enough food to eat, afforded medicines, and vaccines, and the environment is cleaner due to less chemicals being used. Scientist and researchers are always looking for ways to better the planet for the survival of mankind for generations to come. The issue arises is that there are still so many unknowns with genetically modified food. Further test need to be conducted to fully conclude that no long term effects exist and that is safe for humans and animals. The answer to world hunger is staring us in the face and through proper education we should not be afraid to use it. References http://www. epa. gov/pesticides http://www. merriam-webster. com http://truefoodnow. org/campaigns/genetically-engineered-foods/ Bren, L.(2003). Genetic Engineering: the Future of Foods? FDA Consumer; Nov/Dec 2003; 37, 6; Research Library Core pg. 28 Marshall, M. (2012). GM food: The Case For The defense. New Scientist, 216(2886), 8-9. Smith, J. (2007). Genetically Engineered Foods May Cause Rising Food Allergies—Genetically Engineered Soybeans Retrieved from http://www. responsibletechnology. org/gmo-dangers/health-risks Strathdee, M. (1999). Group demands mandatory labeling of genetically altered food. Canadian Press News Wire. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/359528626? accountid=32521 Thomas, L. Of, T. P. (2002). Genetically altered food creates labeling dilemma for the industry. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/402087128? accountid=32521 Teitel, M. , Wilson, K. (1999). Genetically Engineered Foods : Changing the Nature of Nature: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet. Park Street Press. Turk, J. , Bensel, T. (2011). Contemporary environmental issues. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Whitman, D. (2000). Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Retrieved from http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php.