A Review and Analysis of Ryanair and Flextronics Operations

It will discuss the four stages In the Hayes and Wheelwright's model of operations contribution. This will take Flatirons as an example. Ryan Ryan is one of Rupee's largest low cost airlines, which operates more than 1,400 flights per day from 44 bases across 27 countries with a fleet of 272 Boeing 737 aircrafts. They operate with a team of 8,000 personnel and have carried around 73. 5 million passengers during 2011 with the average fare of 39 Euros. (Ryan official website) The below chart, figure A, from Ryan official website shows the passenger growth in millions from 1995 to 2007.Operations Strategy In every organization, operation strategy provides a framework to determine how the organization should pretzel and utilize Its resources to achieve Its performance objectives and gain advantage to Its competitors In the pre-defined market place. In another word, once a company defines it's role in business and identifies its performance objectives then it needs a set of framework and guiding principles for decision makers, to ensure that all the objectives are met. These frameworks and guidelines are the principles of what is known as operations strategy.In today's easiness world, operations managers are faced with various challenges regarding development of effective strategies in line with organization's -mission and vision- and to properly implement those strategies. Ryan Operations Strategy As a low cost airline, Ryan overall framework is to provide air travelers the option of flying to vast number of destinations with the minimum fee possible. To attain that In the costly business environment Like the allure business, Ryan needs to carefully adopt operations strategy to malignant It's basic services while lowering the costs as much as possible in different operation areas.It is important to understand Market qualifiers, in order to survive in the market. The terms Order-winning and qualifying objectives will be discussed later. Hence in general the efficien cy of the Ryan operations should support it's market positioning, as a low-cost airline, and the following are some key elements on how RA manages the processes and implements the operational factors to deliver its results. * Keeping turnaround time at minimum.This has been achieved partly due to improved employee productivity, which could be the result of intense staff training and development, and partly because there are no meals and sees luggage to be loaded on to the plane. * Aircraft equipment cost. Using identical aircrafts (Boeing 737) in large quantities helps Ryan to reduce significant cost in repair, services and storage of aircraft parts. It also gives the company the advantage to negotiate the price of purchasing aircrafts and parts coming all from single supplier.Apart from those, using identical aircrafts offer reduction in staff training cost as well as flexibility in the scheduling of crew and equipment. * Airport access cost. Airport landing and services fees are m uch lower in secondary airports and could save the airline a lot of none by diverting flights to these airports. Also diverting passenger traffic to these airports gives Ryan the advantage to negotiate costs with airports by providing high passenger flow. * Customer services costs.Ryan has developed its own Internet booking service facility, which sells tickets directly to the costumers, offering lower prices by cutting travel agency commissions. Using electronic services will give an advantage to management to access a range of data for future planning and service enhancement. Apart from that, Ryan has entered into agreements with third party contractors at certain airports for assenter and aircraft handling, ticketing and other services that can be provided in a more cost efficient way by third parties. Personnel productivity Ryan endeavors to control its labor costs by continually improving the productivity of its already highly productive work force. Compensation for employees e mphasizes productivity-based pay incentives, including commissions for on-board sales of products for flight attendants and payments based on the number of hours flown by pilots and cabin crew personnel, within limits set by industry standards will stem to higher personnel engagement and productivity.Apart from the mentioned bullet points Ryan air's management, reviews the day-to-day experience of the company regularly to modify and refine their strategic decisions in order to abide to the company's policy on customer services. SOOT Analysis Strength Ryan has been known as Rupee's first low cost airline, which is the company's strongest selling point. Adopting low cost strategy helped Ryan to rapidly increase of customers and expansion of their operations. Addressing to the marketing trends by adopting Internet services like booking and ticketing has changed the customer behavior and has provided wide range of clients for them.Last but not least, rapid expansion of flight routes and aircrafts, has provided more frequent flights and destinations to air travelers. Weaknesses weaknesses too. Restricted customer service, deceiving advertisement and low quality services are among those weaknesses, which has lead to bad publicity for the company. Opportunities Ryan, according to its strength, has opportunities to still dominate the European airline industry in term of providing more quality service standards and maintain its positioning as a low cost airline.By determining the latest trends in airline industry and meeting the up to dated demands of customers they are capable of gaining more customers to be the number one airline company in the whole region. Threats Given the competitive nature of airline business, Ryan is faced with the inevitable threat of competition. To tackle that, Ryan needs to constantly provide highly effective and efficient new products with higher quality services comparing to competitors. Strengths: Rupee's first low-cost airline IT Servic es Rapid Expansion Strengths: Weakness: Restricted customer servicesLow quality service Also to maintain the advantage, Ryan needs to increase its destinations to cover more customers by flying to new regions and at the same time increase its customer service to ensure passenger's satisfaction. Opportunities: Providing quality service standards Defining new IT service standards Expansion to more destinations Opportunities: Competition Reduction of passengers in airline market Threats: Figure B: Ryan operations Strategy SOOT Analysis ‘Market qualifiers' and ‘order winners' Qualifying and order-wining factors are ways to distinguish a company from its imitators within the market.Order winning factors are mainly those aspects, which contribute to promote the service or product to the highest level of costumer satisfaction and help the business to stand ahead of other competitors in the market. On the other hand, qualifying factors are those aspects of the service provider, which should be met to attain the consideration from costumers for business. Costumers needs and wants along with competitors market standards define weather a factor is a qualifier or a winner.Market qualifiers and order winners that would apply to a owe-cost airline market are as follow: Qualifying Objectives I Order winning objectives I Low cost fares I Free minimum luggage services I Covering wide destinations I Variety on-board service (food, beverage, pillow, blanket) I Reasonable quality ; comfort I Priority boarding I Safety ; emergency protocols I Free on-board entertainment I Direct booking ; ticketing services I Pre-assigned seats for passengers I High-frequency flights I Ground services on departure (bus services to airport) I In-flight food ; beverage availability with charge I Ground services on arrival (car hire, I Luggage services with charge I More comfortable seating I transportation) I Internet and communication services on board I Flatirons Flatirons is an electr onics manufacturing services provider, which specializes in supply chain services such as packaging and transportation, as well as design, engineering and after sales services within several markets including automotive, computing, consumer, industrial, infrastructure, medical and mobile.Based in Singapore, Flatirons is behind well-known brands like -but not limited to- HP, RIM, Motorola, Microsoft, Dell, Cisco, Sony Ericson and IBM. (Flatirons official Website) Flatirons Operations Strategy As one of the global leaders in design, manufacturing and distribution and after sales market services, Flatirons operations strategy must be designed in a way to address the needs for low-costs, responsive and flexible product and services. To achieve this Flatirons has adopted the following strategies: * Extensive network of design, manufacturing and logistics facilities. These extensive networks are placed in the world's major electronic markets helping Flatirons to address each customer's th at simplify global product development and supply processes.Through his, Flatirons is able to go through the life cycle of the products from its initial design to volume production, test cycles, distribution and post sales services in a more efficient manner. * Integrated industrial parks. These industrial parks are positioned in low cost regions close to the Flatirons costumers and world markets, giving them the advantage of delivering the products and services in a very large scale and as cheap as possible. Also Flatirons encourage its own suppliers to position in these industrial parks for easier access. Through this strategy Flatirons reduce major cost of shipping, handling and storing products.Hayes and Wheelwright's four stage of operation contribution Professor Hayes and Wheelwright developed a four-stage model to evaluate the role and contribution of operations function. These stages are as follow: 1. Internal Neutrality: Lowest level of contribution by operations function. It does not react upon competitive success and the aim is to avoid mistakes. 2. External Neutrality: At one level higher, in this stage the company begins to look outside and compare itself with its competition. The objective may not be to be the best but at least to implement the best practice with regards to other market players. . Internally Supportive: Operations at this stage are among the bests in their market. Developing appropriate operations resources to support company's strategic goals is at the most priority. 4.Externally Supportive: At this stage the operations functions are designed to provide a foundation for competitive success. Adopting a long-term view, considering the future changes in the market and consumer behavior helps the company to be one step ahead of the market. The four-stage model of operation contribution Looking at Flatirons and considering the four stages of operations contribution, it is Lear that the operations function of Flatirons is a very good example of stage 4 â€Å"externally supportive† Operations. As mentioned earlier, through an extensive network of design, manufacturing and after-sale services, Flatirons can deliver its services at the most appropriate locations, which shows in depth knowledge of costumer behavior understanding.

Mirabell and Millament Relationship Essay

In The Way of the World, his last comedy, Congreve seems to come to realise the importance for providing an ideal pair of man and woman, ideal in the sense that the pair could be taken for models in the life-style of the period. But this was almost impossible task, where the stage was occupied by men and women, sophisticated, immoral, regardless of the larger world around them, and preoccupied with the self-conceited rhetoric as an weapon to justify their immoral activities within a small and restricted area of social operation. Congreve could not avoid this, and for this, he had to pave his way through the society by presenting a plot which, though complicated enough for a resolution, aims at the ideal union between the hero and heroine—Mirabell and Millament. They emerge as the triumphant culmination of the representative characters of the whole period, of course not types, for they are real enough to be human. Congreve endowed his hero and heroine with all the qualities typical of the society, but towards the end the qualities, if negative, are employed as guards against the venoms of the society. At the beginning of the play, we find Mirabell shaping up a situation so that he can win the hands of Millament and her estate as well from Lady Wishfort who has the rein of power over them. In this Mirabell is perfect Machiavellian: conscious of his surroundings. He is not at all a man from chivalric romance. That he is a past master in the game of love, of course, in the sense of the period, that is, sexual relationship—is evident from his past affairs with Mrs. Fainall, from Mrs. Marwood’s fascination towards him and, one many suspect, from Lady Wishfort’s unconscious longing for him. Moreover, Mirabell has mastered rhetoric to encounter men and women around them. Consistent with the irresistible charm of Mirabell, Congreve built the character of Millament. She is the perfect model of the accomplished fine lady of high life, who arrives at the height of indifference to everything from the height of satisfaction. To her pleasure is as familiar as the air she draws; elegance worn as a part of her dress; wit the habitual language which she hears and speaks. She has nothing to fear from her own caprices, being the only law to herself. As to the affairs of love, she treats them with at once seriousness and difference. For instance, she exclaims to Mirabell: â€Å"Dear me, what is a lover that it can give? One makes lovers as fast as one pleases, and they live as long as one pleases, and they die as soon as one pleases; and if one pleases one makes more. † This, however, may be a case for Millament who is â€Å"standing at the threshold of maturity from girlhood†, as Norman N. Holland points out. But from her discussion of preconditions before entering into marriage with Mirabell, it is clear that she is intelligent and discrete enough to judge her situation. In the Proviso Scene we find Mirabell and Millament meeting together to arrange an agreement for their marriage. The scene is a pure comedy with brilliant display of wit by both of them, but, above all, provides instructions which have serious dimensions in the context of the society. On her part, Millament makes it clear that a lover’s (Mirabell’s) appeals and entreaties should not stop with the marriage ceremony. Therefore, she would like to be ‘solicited’ even after marriage. She next puts that â€Å"My dear liberty† should be preserved; â€Å"I’ll lye abed in a morning as long as I please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Millament then informs that she would not like to be addressed by such names as â€Å"wife, spouse, my dear, joy, jewel, love, sweet-heart; and the rest of that nauseous can, in which men and their wives are so fulsomely familiar. † Moreover, they will continue to present a decorous appearance in public, and she will have free communication with others. In other words, after marriage they maintain certain distance and reserve between them. Mirabell’s conditions are quite different: they are frankly sexual in content, directed to his not being cuckolded or to her bedroom manners. â€Å"Just as Millament’s are developed femininely† as Norman N. Holland points out, â€Å"Mirabell’s are developed in a typically masculine way. † Each of Mirabell’s provisos begin with its item: first, the general principle, â€Å"that your Acquaintance be general†, then specific instructions, â€Å"no she-friend to screen her affairs†, no fop to take her to the theatre secretly, and an illustration of the forbidden behaviour, â€Å"to wheedle you a fop-scrambling to the play in a mask†. Nevertheless, Mirabell denounces the use of tight dresses during pregnancy by women, and he forbids the use of alcoholic drinks. The conditions are stated by both parties in a spirit of fun and gaiety, but the fact remained that both are striving to arrive at some kind of mutual understanding. While the Proviso Scene ensures the marriage of true minds, the possession of dowry with Millament remains the aim of Mirabell for the rest of the play. At the end of the play Mirabell and Millament through their own peculiar balance of wit and generosity of spirit, reduce the bumbling Witwood and mordant Fainall to the level of false wit. Thus Mirabell and Millament dramatise the true wit that is so carefully and symmetrically defined through opposition. On his part, Mirabell informs that, â€Å"†¦I like her with all her faults: nay, like her for her faults†¦They now to grown as familiar to me as my own frailties†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And Millament declares to Mrs. Fainall, â€Å"Well, if Mirabell should not make a good husband, I am a lost thing—for I find I love him violently. † These confidences do not prevent their own chances for honesty in marriage. The triumph of the play is in the emergence of lovers who through a balance of intense affection and cool self-knowledge achieve an equilibrium that frees them from the world’s power. As the title of the play The Way of the World suggests, they have assimilated the rational lucidity of sceptical rake so that they can use the world and reject its demands.

Positive Effects of Breastfeeding: A Proposal

A great number of babies are born to every country each year. However, studies show that only a minority of mothers actually breastfeed their baby, despite the medical fact that the mother’s milk is the best food for the baby. (Spangler). The alarmingly low rate of breastfeeding mothers cause me concern that perhaps the cause of it is lack of awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding or utter lack of compassion for the newborn child. Breastfeeding and its many positive effects is an important topic for me because I strongly believe that these effects far outweigh whatever possible reason parents may have for choosing the other alternative.Considering that both mother and child will benefit from breastfeeding, it is hard to imagine why any mother would choose to feed formula milk to her child, except where her milk is shown to be harmful for the baby. (â€Å"Breastfeeding — Best For Baby. Best For Mom†). I am quite curious as to the possible reasons behind some m others' refusal to breastfeed their child. By means of this essay, it is hoped that many lessons on breastfeeding and its benefits can be unearthed and communicated, both to existing mothers and women who would be mothers in the future.The essay would generally be a survey of available literature on the topic, which aims to answer questions relating to the extent of this negative attitude towards breastfeeding, the complete list of medically proven benefits of breastfeeding on both mother and child, the possible instances where breastfeeding may be harmful to either mother or child, the recommended means of breastfeeding a child whose mother is incapable or unwilling to breastfeed him, and practical guides on maximizing the benefits of breastfeeding.Works Cited Pediatrics 117. 3. 3 March 2006. 11 Feb. 2007 . Spangler, Amy. â€Å"Got â€Å"Enough† Breastmilk? † 2007. 11 Feb. 2007. . U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"Breastfeeding — Best For Ba by. Best For Mom. † 11 Feb. 2007 .

The irony of life is that it takes a life time to learn about life Essay

The irony of life is that it takes a life time to learn about life - Essay Example Consider the example of a businessperson who puts their business before everything else, they spend or their time working, ignore their family and probably end up in terrible health since they hardly ever made time to take care of their health. Like many wealth people with his characteristics, the richer he gets the more self-entered he becomes (Grewal 1). Thirty years down the line, the same individual, is contemplating his vast business empire from his deathbed with no one to visit him expect those interested in inheriting his wealth. His critical health and poor social relations result to his being alone in his last hours, and he realizes that, the most important thing in this life is not how much money you make, but how you use it to change your life and others for the better. A clichà ©, but nonetheless, a common moral lesson that has taken him a lifetime to learn, and when he finally gets it, he has no life left in which to practice it. Considering this analogy and many similar ones that can be drawn from life the irony of it all becomes clear, stuff takes a lifetime to learn, but that is all the time anyone

Personal Finance- Heath insurance Research Paper

Personal Finance- Heath insurance - Research Paper Example It works together with SEHA, the national insurance scheme to ensure proper health services. The insurance being able to cover any hospital is essential in providing the citizens are satisfied with the services they get from hospitals all over the country. The scheme provides a mandatory health insurance for the people. It is key to ensuring the realization of Qatar’s vision 2030 when it comes to providing proper health care for its people (Pallot, 2014). SEHA came into existence when Qatar formulated goals that would ensure good health care for its people and reduce the number of deaths caused by inadequate health care. The health care strategy seems to be working well for the people since its inception in the state of Qatar. The network associated with SEHA includes both private and public health care providers. The people who are eligible to register with the insurance get a list of hospitals and health care providers they can work with for the better health (Seha, 2015). The strategy of working with SEHA has provided excellent efficiency and transparency in the national health care sector. The first stage of the scheme had its implementation in July of 2013. The best feature of the first stage is that it covered the health care of women who are 12 years and above to gynecology, maternal, prenatal and postnatal clinic for their children. Other health problems related to women also receive cover in the first stage implementation of the strategy. The second phase of the study, inaugurated in April 2014 provides comprehensive insurance cover for all the Qatari citizens for all the fundamental health problems (Seha, 2015). Qatar is now at the forefront of the global initiative that calls for a comprehensive health coverage for all the people. The World Health Organization is at the forefront in ensuring all the countries around the world provide national health insurance cover. The insurance cover for the people of Qatar through SEHA has

In-house Photography and Outsourced Photography Essay

In-house Photography and Outsourced Photography - Essay Example They presented the key factors as - Management, Strategy, Technology, Economics and Quality. To add more to these decision points the author presents the arguments by Lankford and Parsa (1999. pp310-312) who insisted that an organization should consider economies of scale, inability to manage the function in-house, strategic realignment, need for focus on core business, short & long term financial advantages, and impact on company's competitiveness when deciding for outsourcing. Roy and Aubert (2002. pp32-33) presented a strong statement on outsourcing decision stating that "outsourcing would be appropriate for activities requiring non-strategic resources while activities linked to key competencies should be jealously kept in-house". They argued that the business critical processes, information & intellectual properties of the organizations should be kept out of the outsourcing framework and the organization should consider outsourcing only those work that does not comprise of the ke y competencies of their business model and do not invite any legal trouble for the organization if there are breaches by the outsourcing vendor. They presented the following model of outsourcing decisions: As presented in the figure, the authors argue that outsourcing should be carried out only for those aspects of the business that possess strategically low value and possess lesser presence of strategic resources. Based on the arguments and empirical generalizations by these scholars, the author presents the following decision criteria for Kudler Fine Foods for outsourcing photography: (a) It should not be part of the internal business competency of the organization. (b) It should not comprise of high strategic value or high value strategic resources. (c) There shouldn't be any legal issues. (d) It should make economic sense for the organization. (e) The technology is too complex & expensive to be handled in-house (f) The function is too complex to be handled in-house The author presents an analysis of photography outsourcing versus in-house for Kudler Fine Foods in the subsequent sections. Pros and cons of outsourcing the photography to a professional photographer or creating the infrastructure to take the photographs in-house Before we argue on whether photography should be outsourced by Kudler Fine Foods, it is important to judge whether this is critical for the business. The primary objective of photography in the business of Kudler Fine Foods is to advertise the images of actual organic products of the store on the Internet and in the Print media. It appears that the actual purpose of Kathy Kudler is to enhance the competitive advantages of the store. Hence, the photography may require lot of internal understanding of the business & products and may demand innovations & ideas from the internal employees who have worked hard to bring the stores to this level of success. It may be wiser to develop the

PMD2 conducting assignment research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PMD2 conducting assignment research - Essay Example Some of the problems that contribute to the research topic broadly include: Lack of opportunities for professional development. Employees do not reach points in their life`s and stop developing. Professional development occurs continuously throughout the life of employees that is why if there are no opportunities to further their professionalism –stuck in one position- employees leave to seek better opportunities elsewhere (Baker 47). Job stress and poor relationships with managers. Even when employees are completely committed to the ensuring success of the organization, their immediate supervisors sometimes create uncomfortable work environment prompting them to consider leaving the organization. In some cases the supervisors treat them unprofessionally. Inadequate compensation. Employees’ key motivating factor is better pay and compensation for their effort in the organization. When better opportunities avail themselves employees consider leaving the organization to explore this opportunities which offer better pay. One crucial component of financial management, regardless of size is to ensure that the cost of operation of the business is kept at a minimum. The point is to ensure the best possible margins of profit for the sustainable growth and success in the business. Employee turnover represent a significant cost incurred by the business. The cost incurred could substantially affect the profit margins of the organizations. It cost at least one and half times the base salary to replace an employee. Other factor cost include cost due to a person leaving, lost productivity, hiring and training cost. All this cost should be minimized to ensure high profit margins (Baker 77). Employee turnover: assessing churn rate. A high turnover rate is an indication low employee morale in the organization while a low rate implies high morale in the organization. Turnover rate creates a clear impression of the level of morale, however it normally provides a

Inputs and Outputs Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inputs and Outputs Devices - Essay Example The essay "Inputs and Outputs Devices" talks about the various input and output devices used while working with computers and presents the overview of advantages and disadvantages of such devices. Computer output entails any type of information that is being provided by the computer after processing. An output device is a hardware piece that is used to display or output data which has been processed or has been stored on the computer. Examples of output devices are speakers, speech synthesizers, plotters, printers, and the Visual Display Unit. Once information has been fed to the computer, it is in electronic form. This information is in a form that can only be handled and understood by the computer, and not by human beings. The information will, therefore, need to be converted into a form that is understood by a user. This is mostly done in two ways: by printing out the information and by displaying the information on the visual Display Unit. If a user is using a machine with multimedia, he or she can have sound as an output. In this case, the sound is emitted through the speakers. These are all benefits and roles of having output devices connected to one’s computer.A peripheral device is defined as that which can be attached to a computer to increase its functionality. These devices are used in conjunction with the output devices. The output devices are used regularly by students to do their projects and assignments, and they also help to perform basic logical and arithmetic operations.

Objective Toward Somali Immigrants In The Healthcare Setting Research Paper

Objective Toward Somali Immigrants In The Healthcare Setting - Research Paper Example These include prayer and fire-burning which entails applying a heated stick to the skin. According to Lewis, 1996, those immigrants exposed to modern medicine expect medication for every illness thus may be disappointed when nothing is prescribed. Additionally, they also put their trust in health professionals of the same sex and do not believe in preventive medicine. I believe that in as much as it aims to maintain their cultural heritage, the Somali should give up some of their beliefs and move into the modern day by embracing the technology of science and health. This opinion holds because some of the methods used by the Islam to treat their complications are crude and can end up affecting them even negatively. With their location in the U.S, they have accessibility to the modern methods of healthcare and this will even reduce the spread of certain diseases such as T.B. The Somali are more prone to this because in their culture it is customary for family and friends to eat with their hands from the same plate and drink from a shared cup, according to Putnam and Noor (1999). There are experiences with the Somalis who refuse to be treated for some treatments because of what they uphold in their culture. Somali hesitates to initiate TB treatment because they believe they must discontinue chewing ‘khat’ while undergoing treatment. However, United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) states that using the leafy narcotic may affect one’s ability to remember their medication. The family, community and the media enhance the beliefs in modern health by insisting on one seeking medication whenever they are unwell. The media has a key role of agenda-setting in the society and through this; they make their audience aware that adopting proper health practices is advisable. The church advises their members to visit health

The division of labour Essay Example for Free

The division of labour Essay But with five men specializing in their respective trades, they are not only able to provide sufficient pins for themselves, but also a surplus is generated from the mass production of the pin. As a result, manufacturers are able to keep up with the demands of a populated society. The division of labour clearly serves as an advantage to the economy. Smith reasons that the division of labour originates from mans tendency to barter (317). Smiths saying, Give me that which I want, and you shall have this which you want (318), accurately expresses mans method of attaining his needs. Man trades in self-interest but depends on others co-operation and assistance (318) to do so. The more man trades, the more wealth he acquires. Since the division on labour allows man to produce large amounts of surplus, he has the advantage to trade his surplus for a wealth of personal items. For example, a farmer who cultivates an excess amount of apples trades part of the surplus to a baker who in turn, provides the farmer with fresh bread. He also trades a large amount of the surplus to a grocer who pays him back with a large sum of money. The farmer becomes wealthy. The quantities produced through the division of labour multiply exponentially. According to Karl Marx, the division of labour occurs between the bourgeois and the proletarian. The bourgeois are a wealthy, dominant class interested in the trade of markets. European colonization during the Middle Ages allowed new markets (like Chinas gunpowder market or East Indias salt market) for the bourgeois to trade with. In Europe, the dominance of the Modern Industry caused the demands of the population ever rising (449). Consequently, the markets kept ever growing (449). The bourgeois, experienced in international trade, were able to handle the growing European economy. Wealthy from their international trades, the bourgeois set up giant factories using proletarians, low class workers, for the manual labour of the production of goods. The large amount of accumulated labour allowed the bourgeois to keep up with the populations growing demand. The influence of the modern industry forces the proletarians to work with machinery, [obliterating] all distinctions of labour, and nearly everywhere reduces the wages to the same low level (454). To the bourgeois, the poor labourers who must sell themselves piece-meal, are a commodity (452). Due to the low wages paid by the bourgeois, the proletarians can only support their existence. Neither luxuries nor freedom are affordable. For example, culture-a luxury-is a proletarians loss which he laments (459). Without it, these labourers without option are forced to act as a machine (459). While the bourgeois have independence because of their wealth, the poor proletarians are dependent and [have] no individuality (458). With their freedom denied by the bourgeois, the proletarians congregate nation-wide into a Trade Union to revolt against the selfish bourgeois-The abolition of bourgeois individuality, bourgeois independence, and bourgeois freedom is undoubtedly aimed at (458). The bourgeois, threatened by the proletarians, have no choice but to grant them better living conditions. From the division of labour between the proletarians and the bourgeois, various characteristics of human nature are illustrated. A main characteristic is the dependence which humans have for one another, no matter their societal status. In Communist Manifesto, we witness the bourgeois depend on the proletarians. The proletarians in turn depend on the bourgeois for a source of income. Another characteristic is the greed shown by the bourgeois. In an attempt to accumulate as much wealth as possible, the bourgeois pay the proletarians a smaller amount of what they deserve. The bourgeois care only for the proletarians existence because they provide the bourgeois with wealth. Humans also need freedom to live. The consequences of denying freedom are dangerous, as witnessed with the proletarians-they destroy imported wares that compete with their labour, the smash to pieces machinery, they set factories ablaze until they restore by force the vanished status of the workman of the Middle Ages (453). Dependence, greed, and freedom are characteristics of human nature. If these characteristics are manipulated or ignored, destructive events could occur, as described by Marx in Communist Manifesto. The men, in search of an effective ideology, present their different views on human nature. Human nature is the basis upon which the men reason the causes of the division of labour. Since their perspectives are not identical, their reasons of the causes of the division of labour also are not identical. Rousseau sees human nature as progressive. From basic instincts come the ability to reason, and from reason comes the division of society. The inequality in the division then leads to the slow corruption of the society. Smith, on the other hand, sees the division of labour as an advantage to the economy because it stems from an innate tendency to trade. Marx sees the presence of the division of labour due to the innate vices that plague society. Out of greed, the bourgeois gain from the poor proletarians whom they depend on. But the proletarians retaliate and regain their essential freedom. While the men fail to seek a suitable ideology that gladly accommodates the vices of human nature, we witness the true power of its vices as it persists to plague man. Work Cited Cohen, Mitchell and Nicole Fermon, ed. Princeton Readings in Political Thought. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Dark Romanticism In The Modern World

Dark Romanticism In The Modern World The label Dark Romanticism is used by people in different contexts to describe gothic novels from the 18th century as well as culture from todays society. Imagination and mystery are key features in the Dark Romanticism movement. The poem I heard a Fly buzz by Emily Dickinson utilizes both the imaginative and natural worlds true colors. Like Dickinson uses dark romanticism in her poems, modern day author J.K. Rowling uses ideologies of Dark Romanticism in her series Harry Potter. Harry Potter uses the imagination as a means to show the mysterious nature of leading to discoveries of the true evil in the world. Dark Romanticism authors use imagination to elevate our thinking. They use objects with little meaning and give it a whole image. The death in Emily Dickinsons poem I heard a Fly buzz is painless, yet the vision of death presents itself as gruesome. The appearance of an ordinary, insignificant fly at first merely startles and disconcerts us. But by the end of the poem, the fly has acquired dreadful meaning. Being imaginative gives the will to understand the meaning of the fly. The fly may be insignificant, but the use of being imaginative allows there to be deeper meaning. Dickinson uses the fly as a symbol within her poem: she describes the fly morel role before her death With blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz, Between the light and me (Dickinson 1). The symbol of the fly is the last thing that comes between Dickinson and the light. The light representing heaven is in her path, but the fly passes right through. Dickinson develops the ideas of death with the use of the simple fly. The usage of the fly buzzing is very critical itself within the poem. If Dickinson were to use the symbol too much it would take away from the moment of focusing on death and cause people to think more about the fly. The flys buzz is in the text because it is something a person would under a normal situation ignore, but when you are dying you become more in touch with your senses. The sense of hearing is one of the five senses a person will loose as the process of dying comes closer. The tie in between death and the fly buzzing is one that must be looked at closely. The buzzing is not something that the average living person would notice, but under the particular circumstances, even the smallest of details become noticeable as one dies. As the voice in the poem is painting the picture the reader becomes more intoned to the idea of death through the use the figurative language and symbols, when the voice speaks about the mourners who have gathered, the sound of a fly buzzing and the clos ing of the window. The mourners watching, eyes beside had wrung them dry (Dickinson 1). Within the poem Dickinson uses figurative language to her full advantage. She uses figurative language to assist her in painting the picture of there being a sad moment in time letting the reader use his or her imaginative ways. The usage of the past tense when setting the scene where all the people were standing around grieving was done excellent through the choice of words. When using the word wrung it helps to suggest that the grieving is over for now. The idea of a window being closed is very symbolic in this poem of a persons life coming to an end. When the window shuts it cuts off all the light to the persons eyes, and therefore the idea of death is being used. The window in this case may very well not even be a glass window a person would look out, yet instead the lid to the coffin this individual is lying in. Being imaginative is the only way for one to find the deeper meaning behind all the images Emily Dickinson uses. Without being imaginative there is no meaning to the poem at all. I heard a fly buzz shows the natural worlds true colors. Emily Dickinson writes to the reader about what the world holds in her poem. She reveals how the world should be seen. The room is silent except I heard a fly buzz when I died; The stillness round my form Was like the stillness in the air Between the heaves of storm (Dickinson 1). There is a moment of expectation. There is stillness in the air, and the watchers of her dying are silent. And still the only sound is the flys buzzing. The speakers tone is calm; her narrative is factual. The I heard a Fly buzz poem is a solemn nature, talking about the last moments of ones life and the simple things that may be seen in the last of memories. It first talks of change in ones perception, the stillness, comparing it to the calm in the eye of the storm. Life is so busy that one rarely has the time or the want to listen to the small things. Her life is slowly coming to an end And breaths were gathering sure or that last onset, when the ki ng Be witnessed in his power (Dickinson 1). Her breathing indicates that the last onset, or death, is about to happen. The last onset is an oxymoron; onset means a beginning and last means an end. For Christians in the world, death is the beginning of the eternal life. Death brings revelation when God or the nature of eternity becomes known. This is why the king may be God, Christ, or death. The thought and description of the last moments of life and the changes that take place in ones perception are true in the real world. Without them there would be no free thinking or the truth in the world would be unseen. The natural worlds true colors need to be reveled in order for there to be life. The world in the series Harry Potter is dark and mysterious. Harry Potters world is filled with mystery in both the muggle world and wizarding world. When Harry was just a baby his parents were killed by Lord Voldemort, the evil dark wizard who plans to take over the wizarding world. With no parents, Harry is sent to the muggle world consisting of non-magical things. Harry Potter is a miserable, lonely boy. Hes shunned by his relatives, the Dursleys, that have raised him since he was an infant. He is forced to live in the cupboard under the stairs, forced to wear his cousin Dudleys hand-me-down clothes, and forced to go to his neighbors house when the rest of the family is doing something fun. Harry is treated like a slave by his Aunt Petunia ordering him to look after the bacon. And dont let it burn, I want everything to be perfect on Duddys birthday (Rowling 19). His life is full of misery. Harrys life has been filled of dark, mysterious things. As Harry enters the wizarding world he learns the history of Voldemort. Voldemort sets out to destroy Harry and take over the world. As Dumbledore tells Harry Voldemort himself created his worst enemy, just as tyrants everywhere do! Have you any idea how much tyrants fear the people they oppress? All of them realize that, one day, amongst their many victims, there is sure to be one who rises against them and strikes back! (Rowling 510). Voldemort may be the dark force, but he does have a fear of defeat. Voldemorts defeat happens at Hogwarts. Hogwarts is the stronghold of the series. The most defining aspects of the school are the magic that fills and surrounds it. It is by far one of the most mystical and fantastical geographic locations in the book. Hogwarts is a mystery itself, full of ghosts, hidden chambers, and secret passages. Hogwarts sometimes takes on a life of its own, when it produces the Room of Requirement, or moves entrances and exits at its will. Although most of the seventh book takes places outside th e school, it is here that the final battle between Harry and Lord Voldemort takes places. The climax of the series, in its entirety, returns to the only home Harry has ever known as well as Voldermort. At Hogwarts, Harry finally defeats Lord Voldemort in a dramatic wizarding duel that results with the demise of the Dark Lord. The Dark Lord that has caused all the terror in the wizarding world is finally gone. To create the world of Harry Potter, imagination plays a big role. Rowling is responsible for creating some of the most mind-blowing elements of fantasy found in literature. One of the most enchanting aspects of the novels is the wide variety of magical places that Rowling visits with her readers as we follow Harry Potter on his journey to leave the muggle world behind and grow up in the wizarding world. Starting in London, Rowling places Harry at Charing Cross Road, an actual street in London that runs north from Trafalgar Square to St. Giles Circus. In the first novel, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, Hagrid and Harry travel to this particular street to reach the Leaky Cauldron, a pub and inn that is in between a large book store and record shop. At first glance, the building appears to be relatively normal. As J.K. Rowling states in the first novel Harry had the most peculiar feeling that only he and Hagrid could see it (Rowling 68). It has food and drinks and rooms that over look Charing Cross Road. Everything a person might expect to find at a normal inn with the exception that the building is invisible to a large portion of those people, specifically muggles. Imperceptible to non-magical individuals, the Leaky Cauldron serves as a magical portal that links the muggle world to the magical one. It is here, at the Leaky Caldron, that Harry Potter gets his first taste of celebrity. Exiting the Leaky Cauldron, Hagrid and Harry find themselves at a brick wall that when tapped on opens to Diagon Alley. Diagon Alley, a magical street of the wizarding world, is hidden within London that can be accessed off of Charing Cross Road, as well as through the Floo Network and Apparition. The journey continues at Kings Cross Station in London. Harry searches amongst the muggles for Platform 9 3/4 and the train that will depart from it. Inquiring as to where he might find this train that is scheduled for departure, Harry is informed by a guard there wasnt one (Rowling 9 1), thereby leaving the tracks available for magical use and, once again, revealing Rowlings transposition of the magical and muggle worlds. Harrys journey to enrollment is finished when he finally arrives at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. To muggles, the institution appears to be a moldering old ruin with a sign over the entrance warning visitors to stay out. Without imagination this serious would be incomplete. Imagination is the center for it all. Rowling uses her imagination to open up a whole new world for the reader. The world is unrealistic, but that is what makes the series Harry Potter open up and take a persons imagination to new heights. Dickinson and Rowling are from different time periods, but their ideologies are the same. Both are wrapped up in the Dark Romanticism movement. Rowling uses principles of Dark Romanticism, like imagination and showing how the world is dark and mysterious, today just as Dickinson used back in 1830. J.K. Rowlings series Harry Potter creates an everlasting belief in a world that is not normal and usual. The mind and imagination is explored to the highest of levels which excites and thrills. For that brief period in time, there is true belief in the unreal and impossible. Without Dark Romanticism or authors like Dickinson, there may never have been Harry Potter.

The consultants responsibility to facilitate client decisions

The consultants responsibility to facilitate client decisions Management consulting can be defined as the creation of value for organizations, through the application of knowledge, techniques and assets to improve business performance. This is achieved through the rendering of objective advice and/or the implementation of business solution (MCA 2009 as stated in Matthias 2011). Central to the notion of management consulting is the ability to identify a problem, research and recommend a solution and help implement that solution. The role of the consultant have become central to the life of many organizations, today the question isnt how many companies are using consultants but how many are not using consultant (Pellegrinelli 2002). However the role of the consultant and their impact on the decision making process in client organization has been the subject of many debates. This essay examines the role of consultant in decision making process of a client. The essay starts by looking at the role of the consultant as a facilitator of the client decision, without altering such decision. Then proceed to look at the role of consultant as an expert who can be seen as being responsible for the decision and outcome for the execution of project. Furthermore, the two distinct roles are considered side on side and we look at other approaches to decisions making in the consultant clients relationship. Facilitating Clients Decision Decision making is one of the most important management decisions, if not the most important of all management activities (Mintzberg 1989 as stated in Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). The consultant goal is to influence decision making in organization, therefore it is pertinent that the consultant understands how decisions are made in organizations. Wickham and Wickham (2008) suggests that there are three major decision making models in practice, the normative decision making model, the descriptive or the prescriptive model of decision making. Facilitation is the process of providing opportunities, resources, encouragement and support for a group to succeed in achieving its objectives, and to do this through enabling the group to take control and responsibility for the way they proceed (Matthias 2011, p6). Facilitation is a complex, iterative process which enables things to happen (Velden and Leenknegt 2006). At the center of process facilitation is the need to build relationship. The facilitator primary responsibility is to help client with process-type interventions to make decisions. The goal of process facilitation is to increase the client systems capacity for learning so that it can fix its own problems (Schein 1999). Here the decision-making and action lies predominantly in the hand of the client (Whittle 2006) with the consultant playing a passive role. Sometimes the consultants may deliberately enroll internal champions to create internal ownership of ideas (Fincham, 2002 as stated in Whittle 2006). Different authors have used different names in defining the role of the consultant as a facilitator including Schein who called it the process consulting model. He suggested that consultants are facilitators who help to empower the clients to solve his own problem and not own the problem. Similar to the process model is the role of the collaborator (Block 2000 as stated in Cameron and Green 2004). Also, Nees and Greiner defines a facilitator as the friendly co-pilot in their model (Appelbaum and Steed 2005), associating the knowledge based of the facilitator to business experience. The application of facilitation in practice however, depends largely on what level of change is required and organizational development. Sherwood and Callahan (2006) developed strategic process consulting where they used undergraduates to facilitate the changes in the strategic processes in two organizations with the client making the key decisions but at their level of expertise. Also, Ambler 2006 used a combination of part training/ part facilitation/ part consulting to engage in a consulting project that required managers in clients organization to take more responsibility. Both projects had to deal with facilitating changes in non-technical part of the business. However Stager (1986) and Cameron and Green (2004) argue that facilitation can be useful even in technical field like IT. There are different assumptions that the process model is built on; first, the client not only helps in making the diagnosis, they also benefit from participating in the diagnosis especially when the problem is a nontechnical one. Secondly, the client has helpful intent and has some problem solving ability, thirdly the client knows the form of intervention or solution that will work best in the organization because he or she understand contextual issues like power and politics in the organization. The clients problem solving abilities is improved upon as clients engage in the diagnosis of the problem and the selection and implementing the solutions (Rockwood 1993). Facilitation is useful when: there are Complex (unknown or conflicting) objectives, the process is complex, there are disagreements, buy-in is essential, multiple inputs are required, Ownership is required and lastly, managing hierarchical issue (Matthias 2011). Advantages of the facilitator model includes that it offers new approaches to solutions. Secondly, they are able to spot risk and focus on issues not agendas and, they are able to see potential for wider application NCAS (2006). Also the process consultation model is important for building long term relationships because it focuses on the future of the organization client and also helping to build the required expertise in the clients organization. Matthias (2011) suggests that the process consulting model is most useful in achieving long term result. Buckenmyer and Stough (1998) argue that the concepts of empowerment, participation and involvement are not always 100 percent positive. One consequence of unbridled empowerment can be dysfunctional organization. Also processes facilitation exposes clients to the risk of group think and group polarization which does not lead to the optimal solution being chosen (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). Facilitation is more time consuming than content models (Stager 1986), and sometimes clients crave quicker and proactive intervention (Whittle 2006). Expert decision making The alternative approach to client consultant decision making argument is to understand when the client places the decision making powers to the consultant. The concept of consultant having decision making power or significant influence in decision making is plausible when the consultant plays the expert role. Edgar Schein developed content models which are divided into the purchase of expertise model and the doctor-patient model. Schein purchase-of-expertise and doctor-patient models are similar to Blocks expert and pair-of-hands roles of the consultant respectively. Appelbaum and Steed (2005) suggests that Scheins content models are similar to Nees and Greniers model for role of consultancy. They link the mental adventurer to the expert role, the strategic navigator, management physician and system architect to the doctor-patient model. The purchase-of-expertise model suggests that consultant needs to provide some type of expertise; this model allows the client to remove themselves from the problem (Rockwood 1993). This model is useful when the problem is straightforward and client organization does not possess the needed expertize (Schein 1978). In the expert role, the client delegates full authority to the consultant to plan and implement the changes. Decisions are made by the consultant on the base of his or her judgment, Client responds only when asked to. The goal is to solve the immediate problem (Cameron and Green 2004). The expert role is a specialist area (Witham and Witcham 2008) and requires technical knowledge Werr and Linnarsson (2001). However, the problem of the purchase-of-expertise model is that it places enormous responsibility on the client to diagnose the problem properly and the also difficult to use when the problem is tricky and difficult to diagnose and the consultant is not held responsible for wrong consequences (Schein 1978). It is doubtful if any expert body of knowledge exists in management realm (Williams and Rattray 2004), and the consultant doesnt know everything (Stager 1986). Another problem with the expert approach is that the client is distanced from the process of problem solving. They also downplay the role of power and politics in the client organization. In addition, placing decision making in the hands of the client may create a superior/inferior relationship, which is offensive to some clients (Stager 1986). Role of clients There is no doubt, that there exist different client roles in consulting project, however authors like Appelbaum and Steed (2005), Pellegrinelli (2002) argue that in reality the question of client is ambiguous and problematic. However, Schein (1997) proposes a model to understand different types of client relationship, he identified five types of clients: The first is the contact clients, the individual who is first contacted by the consultant; the intermediate clients, the individuals or groups who gets involved in different activities as project evolves; the primary clients, is the client who ultimately own the problem and they are the ones who are responsible for paying the consulting bills. The unwitting clients are the clients who will be affected but who are not aware that they would be impacted. The indirect clients are members of the organization who are aware that they will be affected but who are unknown to the consultant. Ultimate clients; are those whose welfare must be c onsidered, they include the total community and the total organization. This raises the ethical dilemma as the consultant needs to be able to manage the different types of clients and their different interest, influence and level of participation. Pellegrinelli (2002) suggests that facilitation model requires the consultant to be far more conscious of their various clients and stakeholders while the expert model, the interest of the senior manager commissioning the work tends to suffice. Also not all interventions are assumed to be helpful. The very presence of a consultant, and even mere data gathering changes things for the client/subject, and/or their stakeholder (Williams 2001). Also the fact that the facilitator does not own the problem raises the question of the contribution of the consultants (Wickham and Wickham 2008). Regardless of the mode of consulting employed, the consultant runs the dilemma of choosing between what needs to be done and what the paying client expects to be done (Williams 2001). In our understanding of the consultant roles and decision making, it is important that we identify who owns and makes the decision. Bartecko (2010) argued that the clients should not allow the consultant make decision for them, she attributes the failures of many projects to the lack of ownership on the project. The expert role can be susceptible to the risk of being used as rubber stamp and tools in the hand of senior management especially when making tough decision (Shapirro et al 1993). While the facilitator can also be used to push managements agenda to the group and the facilitator can manipulate the group (Matthias 2011) however, the purchase of advice can be interpreted as a sign of managerial ineffectiveness or if consultants renew the management concerns they were enlisted to lessen (Whittle 2006). Organisational Learning The knowledge and the learning objectives of the client have impact on what role the consultant wants to play and how it is received within the organization. One of the key requirements sought by clients is that the consultant must be knowledgeable (Minter 1994). The export model is seen as a specialist area and it is known to be technical (Wickham and Wickham 2008). The facilitator seems non-technical and deals with the soft skills in organization (Cameron and Green 2004). The authoritative leaders or expert can make the consultant appear arrogant and insensitive in the eyes of clients (Shapiro et al; Clark and Fincham, 2002 as stated in Whittle 2006). Werr and Linnarson (2001) also opine that the traditional expert role creates a dangerous situation where the client loses knowledge to the consultant making them dependent on the consultant. From the foregoing it is arguable that the consultant facilitating helps build and retain organizational learning. The lack of success in consul ting process isnt so much the lack of experience but not understanding what it is to help someone and not operating by those principles (Schein 1999). An example of the failure of the expert model of changing clients decision can be seen with the Nett positive, a Business Analysis consulting company from India taking on a project in FCMB a bank in Nigerian. Nett positive took the expert role and were trying to reintroduce an online performance management system which was the brief from the bank. However, they had two problems that beguiled the project, firstly they ignored the power and conflict in the organization and secondly they were seen to be protecting the interest of the contact client and not the primary contact. As the expert moved to try and develop the data needed as required by the client, the client decided to challenge the knowledge in-house to design the same system. So a cross functional team from IT, Finance and Sales was formed and given the mandate to design the task. Eventually the new performance management system was designed and the contract with Nett Positive was cancelled. Bridging the different Approaches While authors like Schein as stated in (Rockwood 1993) and (Velden and Leenkgert 2006) suggest that consultants decisions often time lie between facilitating and expert mode based on the situation and context. Schein however proposed that what is important is that all consultant and client relationship should be based on helping the client. Schumacher (n.d.) identified three new approaches to consulting. The first is the complimentary consulting which tries to integrate the expert and process consulting modes in a complete and cooperative manner. The integrated consulting was developed based on shared understanding of communication, feedback mechanism and reflection loops. However, the integrated approach does not have concrete realization in practice (Schumacher n.d.). The third modus of consulting is the client ownership-role of his problem and does not delegate to the consultant. The consultant only offers cooperation architecture and acts as sparring partner. However for long ter m stability of organizations, any model that places the decision in the hands of the client and the consultant as a partner is arguable better. Conclusion Facilitating client decision is all about the consultant helping the clients to make accurate decision. The strengths of the argument for the consultant facilitating clients decision is that the client was part of the process that developed the solution. On the other hand the consultant can change clients decision by taking on the role of the expert, in this mode the decision actually lies in the hand of the consultant however the effectiveness of this method is contentious. However the consultant that chooses to facilitate needs to be able to manage the different clients roles in the organization without being seen to be protecting the interest of any group. Facilitation helps the consultant to ensure that the client grows the knowledge required to make good decisions. Lastly the FCMB, net positive case was studied to see the failures associated with the consultant trying to change clients decision instead of facilitating it. This example further reiterates the fact that for long term sustainability and growth of the client-consultant relationship, the consultant should encourage facilitation instead of trying to change the clients decision.

do children owe their parents? :: essays research papers

There is a question that I have been thinking of: â€Å"Do I owe something to my mom and dad†? – Who knows†¦ Sometimes we might think that we owe them a lot, but then other times we might think â€Å"Why should I do something for them? I have my own life. I have lots of to do without taking care of my folks†. But then again, how can I leave them in trouble when they are the same bloods? I look like them and most importantly I love them. It depends on the relationship between parents and kids when deciding if we owe them something or not. Children who felt loved, had lots of attention from a mother and father growing up will try to treat them the same way, instinctively paying back good for good. In families without strong connections, kids will very simply forget about their parent’s existence. They may believe that no one asked their parents to have them. No one asked them if they wanted to be born they had no choice. Two adults wanted to have kids and they had them. It was their choice to be responsible and raise the next generation. Then if look at the nature, you would not find creatures who would do something to support their parents after they grew up. We are just one of many creatures in this universe. Why it should be different for us? Humans are most developed creatures on the earth with feelings, lots of knowledge, procreating their kind, taking care of each other. So isn’t it most important to look after the people who are close to you? And only then look after the others? Why do we forget that sometimes?.. Parents are the first people who deserve your attention. Through the years they put so much effort and passion the way they can, to protect us from bad. We know that mom and dad will be next to us even if we get in trouble or lose everything. They still will be the ones to help us as much as they can. They will find space in their home for us to stay. For this reason we should be so thankful to them and pay for it in advance. However there are big differences between cultures and countries. For example in my country, Lithuania, parents are taking care on their kids until â€Å"babies† can really support themselves.

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values? :: MBA College Admissions Essays

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values?    One has to understand sub-continental culture regarding marriage in order to understand this particular crisis. Marriages are classified into two groups: 'settled' marriage and 'affair' marriage. In a 'settled' marriage, the groom's family chooses the bride, and if bride's family accepts the groom, the two families get together and fix the marriage. The bride and the groom may or may not meet each other before the marriage. In an 'affair' marriage, two persons fall in love and get married, with or without the permission of their families. This is considered a social crime, and the newlyweds are forced to leave their families.    After I came back from the US, I met my sweetheart who was attending medical school. We courted each other for years, and when she graduated we figured it was time to marry. I asked my family to select the woman of my choice so as to marry the woman I love without upsetting social norms. When my mother proposed my fiancà ©e's family, her mother wanted to see me personally. I assumed she would consider me a suitable candidate for her daughter's husband since I come from a good family and since I am qualified to maintain a family. However, rather than looking for qualities in me that might make her daughter happy, she demanded that I posses an MBA degree before I marry her daughter. Apparently, all of her relatives' and friends' daughters got married to either MBAs or Ph.D.'s.    I was dumbfounded. I would have gladly given the moon to her daughter, but I was not about to earn an MBA to satisfy this woman's irrational craving.

Censorship in Literature Essay

The works of J.D. Salinger, Harper Lee, and John Steinbeck are recognized as classic literature masterpieces that have been read by young students across the nation. Books such as the Catcher in the Rye, To Kill a Mockingbird, Of Mice and Men, and many more have all been banned from schools at one point since being published (Top). The banning of books in schools is considered as censorship. There has been much controversy concerning the offensiveness of the profanity, racial comments, and sexual content these books are said to have. You would expect that readers nowadays be used to these types of elements in the books they read, but many school administrators still continue to censor specific books in hopes of keeping their students away from bad influences. To Kill a Mockingbird, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and Huckleberry Finn have all been challenged since the 1970’s because of the racial comments made throughout the books. The Catcher in the Rye, The Diary of Anne Frank, and The Red Pony are just a few examples of books that have been challenged because the sexual content these books contain (Censored). If one were to read one of these books nowadays, it would be because a teacher had assigned the book to the student as a reading assignment. Would a teacher demand his students to read the first one hundred pages of a book if they thought the book had vulgar language and disturbing sexual content in it? It is understandable why a school would forbid its students to read books with adult content in it in the early to mid 1900’s because of the sensitive subjects the authors were writing about. Racist language was offensive to all races. The sexual content exhibited by the author in his books was offensive to the people that consider that the sexuality of a person is to remain clean and pure. Now in the 21st century, sensitive subjects such as racism, sexuality and even profanity are the least bit of a readers worries. Our opinions on what should be censored in literature have changed since the 20th century. The reasons for censorship in literature have expanded from racism and profanity to religion and witchcraft as the years have passed. Bless me, Ultima by Rodulfo Anaya, and the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling have been banned because it is said that these modern books promote witchcraft, which is beyond offensive to many religions (Banned). In our current generation, all people worry about is how books will harm our religion and way of living. Racism and profanity is not much of a worry because most of our society has grown past racism and has grown used to the fact that profanity is something we encounter everyday. So, why are some of the most popular classic novels still banned from some schools across the nation? It is believe that although our society has matured in the past century, schools still have some sort of policy which states that â€Å"books must be age appropriate and related to [the] school curriculum† (Coatney). Many schools believe that buy censoring literature they are preventing kids from being exposed to adult content, but in reality, what schools believe that specific books should be rated â€Å"R† are really rated â€Å"PG-13† to the minds of their students. Although schools and parents support the idea of censoring books because of their adult content, they do not realize that rather than protecting them, they are keeping them away from what can be valuable lessons. Books such as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can contribute to the lesson that racism was never fair to begin with. By reading The Catcher in the Rye, the youth can learn that there is more to life than just violence and sex. Students can truly learn from the books that have been censored throughout these many years because â€Å"high school students are evolving and learning to formulate their own opinions in life†, regardless of the amount of vulgar language, sexual content, and violence that is in the books they choose to read (Censorship). However, there should be limits to how much adult and offensive content there is in books. For example Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a book that encourages racism and violence while other books only promote the importance of goodness by exposing the bad. Books such as that are the type of books that can do some harm to the youth of our society. Also, there are some books in present day that should be censored because of their sexual content. Fifty Shades of Grey, written by E.L. James is, for example, too outspoken for the young readers of today. The sexual content in The Catcher in the Rye would be considered to be nothing compared to the work of E.L. James. Although every book cannot be kept away from each student, the books that are labeled as too explicit should at least be the ones to be banned from schools. Censorship has played a large role in literature ever since authors have experimented with the types of stories they can create by using different types of adult content to get their lesson across. Many classic literatures that have been taught in schools for many years have been censored many times since the first time they were published, but people still find a way to make a positive lesson out of those books regardless of the content demonstrated by the author of the book. It is possible that one day books will not need to be censored because of how exposed our future generations will be due to what is exhibited out in the real world for everyday people to see. Works Cited â€Å"Banned & Challenged Books.† Good Reads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. â€Å"CENSORED BOOKS IN THE USA.† Bulletin 43 over Censored Books in the USA. Office for Intellectual Freedom, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Censorship: The Negative Effects Parents Don’t Know About.† Yahoo! Contributor Network. N.p., 11 May 2009. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Coatney, Sharon. â€Å"Banned Books: A School Librarian’s Perspective.† Time.com. N.p., 22 Sept. 2000. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009.† American Library Association. N.p., n.d. Web.18 Jan. 2013.

A World Lit Only by Fire

A World Lit Only By Fire, a magnificent book written by William Manchester transform the way people saw the medieval and the renaissance times. He portraits a very vivid image of that time opening our eyes to what really happen to the people who lived that era. The book is divided into three parts: The Medieval Mind, The Shattering and the last part, One Man Alone. The first part of the book introduce us to a new perspective and understanding of what the author believe, thanks to his investigations, form and mold the medieval mind.The society of this time was one of indifference toward others, corruption, violence, and cruelty. Men of the church were blind by the power the Holy See gave them, and by the name of that same church, the one that was supposed to protect the interest of all the faithful Christian, was the one that cause thousands of innocent deaths. When you read things like this you think that it can’t get worse, but when you keep reading you realize that not even the sins where taken seriously and that corruption was worse than we thought but, the worst part of the situation were the diseases.Education was so ignored by the people that at some point as the people infected with the diseases try to reach for a doctor or a person that can cure them they find themselves without a good treatment just because the ignorance led them to became an illiterate society with a seriously lack of ethics, moral but more important, the base of success, the education.At the end of this part Manchester set very clearly that this society was so insignificant, they were like stock in time, fighting the impossible, the change, a revolution toward a new time fill with amazing thinkers and discoveries but with the same or worse characteristic that define this era, corruption and injustice. This new beginning is the Renaissance. With the re birth of an era the author begins the second part of the book The Shattering.Manchester goes more deeply in the corruption of t he church and the new intellectuals that emerged to expose to the world their ideas of what in their perspective was for example the way to obtain salvation. For example we have Erasmus and Martin Luther, two extraordinary humanists that fought basically against â€Å"The Invincible† the Catholic Church. Both of them spread their ideas of salvation and faith but at the same time they reveal the mistakes and corruption committed by church officials.The Church of that time was sick with the power it have. Especially, the one sick with this power was the head master, The Pope. He was the first to commit mortal sins like murders and incest. Thanks to all the corruption and indifference from the church, the faith of the fellows toward them began to decrease rapidly causing the church to lose a lot of the power they loved so much. The renaissance was an era of change, fighting, and unexpected discoveries made by extraordinary people.This lead us to the final part of the book, One M an Alone, basically concentrated in the trajectory, discoveries, and life of Ferdinand Magellan. He and his voyages will change completely and irrevocably the world as they know it. William Manchester as hi let us know in the note at the beginning of the book almost all of his sources are secondary. Most of these sources are documents and studies about the medieval and renaissance time, but he also uses some primary sources like Life on a Medieval Barony by William Stearns Davis.He pictures the medieval community and experiences very clearly. Another source Manchester uses is works from Dr. Timothy Joyner and James Boyden, both work help the author complete this book with real facts from historians who studied very deeply the medieval and renaissance era. In my honest opinion this is not the type of reading I actually expect to be reading in school. I was expecting something more monotonous, but never expect to find this reading so interesting.Maybe is the fact that most of the them es treated in the book are not new to me. Being this my first time reading from William Manchester I can really say I love his works but I can really tell that if all his books are like this one I will certainly enjoy them. A World Lit Only By Fire has opened the eyes of every single person that read it to the reality of that time it actually make me feel like I was living in that monstrous time but it was a really great experience.However this book is not for everybody the people how read it have to be open mind to the past and most important they have to know how interpret the point of view and critics of the author. Finally William Manchester is a great writer; he knows how to balance between his critics, point of view, and the reality of the facts. Reading this brightening book was worth my summer time and I hope that the books I will be assigned to read in the future are as good as this one.

A Change in Sexual Morality Essay

The development of sexual ethic in contemporary American society has changed a lot from times such as the 1900’s. Whether it has to do with religion or simply by choice, nowadays there’s not enough self-respect to go around. American life is no longer based around morals or standards. There is more premarital sex and affairs outside marriages. Sexuality on the whole has become more open and introduced to girls and boys at a much younger age resulting in conflicting issues. Back in the day you’d only be intimate with your spouse. Now there is more premarital sex and sex outside marriage. Even religious people don’t bother thinking of premarital sex as sinning because it is so oftenly commited. Saving sex for marriage is a great obstacle, especially for males (â€Å"11 Known Facts About Premarital Sex†). Girls are being forced into sex at a young age, not by boys, but by the world around them. The media portrays such actions as â€Å"cool† or â€Å"with it. † A lot of young teen girls can’t have a decent celebrity role model without them having some history of a sex scandal. Music is also a big influence on teenagers. In current day songs, girls are known as just toys you play with once, but the guys are known as the â€Å"cool cat† for having a different toy each day of the week. The degrading sexual references make a difference on how both genders see each other (â€Å"Sexuality, Contraception, and Media†). The fact of the matter is, boys aren’t against premarital sex, so if a young girl deceides to give it up no one is going to say no. This kind of mentality is ruining young people to the point where there is no self-respect. Sex before marriage doesn’t seem like a big deal, but reminisce back a couple decades. Weren’t things a lot more conservative back then compared to now? Besides sex before marriage, infidelity is another issue that occurs in half of the marriages aross the country from both men and women (â€Å"When Does Infidelity Occur? â€Å"). No one feels as ashamed of commiting such a hurtful deed as they did decades ago. There seems to be no respect barrier between men and women. That leads to the theory of men not caring about anything emotionally and women too busy trying to show off what society thought of as a disgrace. There are many reasons for such problems. Look past cheating as just another thing to deal with in relationships and look at in a questioning perspective. Both genders have evolved into more open personels when it comes to infidelity. How come cheating is more common today than it was 50 years ago? The asnwer is society. It makes us lose our conscience in all the commotion. We end up not realizing right from wrong. Sex shouldn’t be an excuse for infidelity, and if it is, that says it all. Women tend to show off a little more because they feel free too and feel confident doing so, right? Unless they’re a prostitute, women don’t seem to realize the kind of message they’re sending off. In modern days women are in competition with the next female who is beside her, whether it be in the office, at school, or just another shopper at a grogercy store. The media portrays women to be lean and fit with super slim waists and average bust sizes, so they try to show as much of that as they can. What the female viewers don’t understand is that they are being targeted and singled out. Having women think they need to look a certain way will definately bring out their promiscuity. That can be a bad thing, especially if you have a daughter that is around the age of 12. Sex is introduced at the youngest age of 10 (â€Å"Talking to Your Young Child About Sex†). That doesn’t mean kids younger than that aren’t already asking questions (â€Å"Talking to Your Young Child About Sex†). The world around us isn’t very good at keeping such things out of earshot of youngsters. By their early teens, kids will show an interest in sex or sexuality. Television shows talk and joke about sex, but it does make a difference in a teen’s sexual desicsion (â€Å"Teen Sexuality: Abstinence†). Shows and commercials are filled with sexual messages and images that have effects on teens of all ages (â€Å"Sexuality, Contraception, and Media†). Around 14 to 17 years old, they’ll assume they’re all ready for sex. Teen sex is nothing shocking nor is it anything important that would make someone actually stop and think. It’s apart of teen life, and teen virgins are considered a â€Å"rare species. â€Å" Now that contreceptives are being offered to teenage girls, it is allowing them to think about having sex now knowing they’re safe. Birth control is like a gateway to sex. It says that, â€Å"Since your protected, what’s the harm of having sex? â€Å". What people tend to forget is, young girls and boys are still developing their brain and body. They’re most likely to make mistakes especially throughout adolescence, so having sex might just be another one. It is the most naive and gullible stage a person can go through. Giving girls birth control may be a smart move but nowadays it’s not about the moral view. It’s about preventing something from happening (pregnancy) instead of trying to eliminate that thought completely. Kids are starting to act, look, and dress older because society is pushing it upon them and they don’t even realize it. Sexuality in any aspect has evolved over the years. Leaving some moral traditions behind and bringing in new ones, the world today is a completely different place. There’s no shame in any game. Sex overall has got to be the most undermined issue. It doesn’t mean anything anymore just physical attraction.

We Are Becoming Overwhelmingly Dependent on Computers

SUBIECTUL 1 – WE ARE BECOMING OVERWHELMINGLY DEPENDENT ON COMPUTERS. IS THIS DEPENDENCE A GOOD THING OR SHOULD WE BE MORE SUSPICIOUS OF THEIR BENEFITS ? GIVE ARGUMENTS TO SUPPORT YOUR IDEAS. It is a fact that our generation is what can be called â€Å"The First Computer Dependent Generation†. Computers have become one of the most important and influential luxuries of this generation. Young people use computers every day for school, work, and entertainment. They are the first generation to have become computer literate as early as the onset of adolescence.For most of their lives they have used computers, so it is not surprising that our generation has become highly dependent upon them. Computers are intensively used in every aspect of man's life. Computer systems manage almost everything we see. Banks, schools, malls, libraries, broadcasting, military, aeronautics and governments have systems where computers play a vital role. We rely on computers to do most of our every day activities. This is the computer age. With the help of computers, mankind is entering a new era of enlightenment.Dealing with the enormous amount of data that the modern man is faced with can only be done by means of computers. What is more, due to them, huge progress has been made in many important fields such as surgery for instance. In addition, they are becoming more than ever a necessity to the educational system. By means of computers lessons are made more attractive, more instructive, certain skills are better developed. It no longer costs thousands of dollars of equipment to make a film or to compose music.Amateur filmmakers can produce work from their own homes. Graphics engineers can use computers to create three-dimensional models, or even to generate short or full-length films. Anybody who owns a computer can now enter the field of media production. Communication in our century would be unconceivable without the Internet, which is a massive network of computers, each with the ability to access any of the others. The Internet is something like a universal virtual wisdom that can be instantly accessed for any kind of information.E-mailing has become one of the most efficient ways of quick communication. | | However, this reliance on computers has several disadvantages. Anyone who has worked with computers for long periods of | | |time knows that computers can be just as addictive as smoking or drinking. Computer addiction can have a number of | | |physical, social, and psychological effects and it is to be taken as seriously as any other addiction. One common physical | | |effect computer addiction can have are back problems.Sitting for so long can take a toll on a person's muscles and can | | |result in poor posture. Poor posture can result in chronic back problems that require the services of a doctor. Dry eyes | | |and vision complications are some eye problems caused by overuse of a computer. Headaches are quite common in computer | | |addict ion and are linked to the straining of the eyes. Because of the long hours spent in front of a computer, addicts | | |often have eating irregularities. Computer addicts experience sleep disturbances or changes in sleeping patterns.Social | | |effects of computer addiction include reduced time spent socializing with others. People may begin to feel that their | | |computer is the only relationship that they have the time to focus on. They lose the desire for human contact and | | |communication and in a way they are breaking away from reality. Lacking the desire to make contact with others means | | |lacking the desire to create new relationships or to build on already existing ones. After a certain amount of time, they | | |lose their conversation skills completely.Within the lives of computer addicts it is their friends and family that suffer | | |the most from this form of alienation (=estrangement). | | | | | |There are stages in children’s lives when they should know how to play, to be able to learn the values of trust, | | |initiative, competition and cooperation. A child can only appreciate these through social contacts. Studies show that | | |individuals who spent their childhood in front of computers are more distant, isolated and have difficult social lives. | |Another point is that the availability of online chatting systems makes people rely on computers to communicate. Because of| | |this, social interaction, the development of social skills is jeopardized (=endangered). | | | | | | | | |In addition to this, the convenience provided by the use of computers in everyday life also has its price. Online banking | | |systems are rather potential hacking zones, computer file management and storage are vulnerable to viruses and hackers, | | |individuals’ personal data are no longer private.Although crime prevention has benefited a lot from computer usage through| | |CCTV cameras, GPS systems and digital identification systems, people do not seem to be prepared to live in a world where | | |their every step is being watched and recorded. In modern society convenience comes at the expense of privacy loss. | | | | | |I strongly believe that if people are aware of the potential hazards of computer dependency and if governments can do | | |something to educate or inform people about them, then problems arising from this issue will be minimized. |

Plesae read the atricle and answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plesae read the atricle and answer - Assignment Example Subsequently, the author details how during the post war years different actors helped to re-define the shrines in terms of pre-Imperial power and greatness of Japanese tradition. Likewise the article details the historical meanings and religious connotations that the shrine has had on various groups throughout Japanese history to include: Buddhist monks, Yamato dynasty, Imperial Japan, and Post-World War II Japanese culture and society. In a sense, by analyzing the way that this shrine has had such a profound effect on the determination of the society and the different factions within it, the author is able to emphasize how locations and images have a profound effect on the identify of given groups and how they in turn relate to the rest of the world around them. The greater understanding that the reader is about to walk away from this piece with is that humanity ascribes its own unique values and belief systems to historic relics or shrines that exist in contemporary society. This truism is especially helpful in understanding how religious movements and radical political movements are able to gain such a great deal of influence and form a clear (albeit oftentimes patently false) connection to some point in history. Naturally one immediately recalls the Nazi’s attempts to bend history and various shrines to their own distinct interpretation of

RACI Chart Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RACI Chart - Coursework Example Changes in technology require improved infrastructure design. Additionally, management objectives change due to new technical knowledge, new regulations and demands of the potential customers based on their perceptions. However, development of a new network infrastructure required decision-making on the cost and efficiency of the developed system. It has to be a system meeting the needs of the business and at the same time cost-effective. The network managers of the business and their employees also need to gain more effective practical understanding of the working of the system and how to manage it for optimal performance (Schiefelbusch, 2014). In my assignment, I had to make a decision on the scale of the network required by the organization. The size of a network is an important factor to consider since it helps in the determination of the personnel required, level of expertise, depending on the client’s needs. There are various types of networks, from which a designer I had to select the most suitable for my client. They include local area network (LAN) is usually designed and implemented at the scale of a small office or a single building. This network primarily interconnects the computing resources within one organization. In most cases, LANs usually depend on Ethernet, twisted pair or wireless technology. The other type of a network is wide area network (WAN) which connects a single office to the parent organization. WAN usually covers a wide area such as a metropolitan, regional, or national. Only a few organizations have the resources for building and maintenance of their own WAN links, and is usually more c ost-effective to lease them from the local phone or Cable Company. WAN technologies are different in terms of speed, cost, and bandwidth. Another type of network to use is campus area network (CAN). This type of network connects multiple LANs of the

Enterprise Culture and Entrepreneurship Case Study

Enterprise Culture and Entrepreneurship - Case Study Example The enterprise culture in the UK has also not played a major part in Charles Dunstone's success, as he relied more on himself and close associates to make his business a success. Entrepreneurship is the creation of new enterprise (Low and MacMillan 1988) and it is also often focussed on profit making. Examples of famous entrepreneurial ventures include Gerber baby foods, Barbie dolls and Heinz ketchup. Entrepreneurship is important for any country as it has significant economic and social contributions (Bartol and Martin 1998). For instance, the creation of new enterprise is associated with job creation and the creation of other smaller businesses to supply the business. The economic impact of small business job growth is likely to be greatest during times of economic slowdown, when larger companies are cutting back (Case 1989). During such reductions many individuals whose jobs are eliminated find employment with small businesses. According to one estimate, as many as 20% of managers who have lost their jobs as a result of downsizing in recent years have become entrepreneurs (Zimmerer and Scarborough 1996). New jobs and new business increase a government's tax base and improve the general standard of living. Notable examples of changes in the standard of living include the motor car following Henry Ford's invention of the automobile. Despite the benefits of entrepreneurship, many new ventures still fail and this has led to research on the factors that make some entrepreneurial ventures successful, as it is also reported that as many as 50 -70% of new businesses fail or merge with other larger organisations within their first five years (GPO 1990). In the United Kingdom, there are examples of successful entrepreneurs which include but are not limited to Sir Richard Branson with his Virgin empire, Sir Alan Sugar with Amstrad and Anita Roddick with The Body Shop. These individuals all started with little idea and they maximised the opportunities available to create internationally successful organisations. This case study will focus on Charles Dunstone of The Carphone Warehouse and look at the motivations and reasons behind his venture, the activities involved and an analysis with enterprise culture. Charles Dunstone has been selected for this case study because he managed to set up a business venture in a relatively short period of time, with significant success. He has also gone on to diversify his business and managed to create a stir in the broadband internet market with a huge risk of offering free broadband. At the age of 25, Charles Dunstone was turning over 1.5 million in his first of year of operation, and his employee numbers were growing (The CarPhone Warehouse 2006). The CarPhone Warehouse is now considered Europe's largest independent retailer of mobile communications, with over 450 stores in the UK and over 1000 in Europe and between them he now employs over 4000 employees (The CarPhone Warehouse 2006). Origins of Charles Dunstone's entrepreneurship There are a number of factors that

Comparision between the Transcript of Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) and Research Paper

Comparision between the Transcript of Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) and the Transcript of Missouri Compromise (1820) - Research Paper Example The act provided that not anything entailed in this in it shall be interpreted to hamper the United States government from partitioning the territory into two or more partitions in the manner in which the congress shall deem necessary, or inhibit the same government from attaching any portion of the Territory to any other Territory of U.S or State. The act makes further provisions to avoid insinuations that impair the right to property or person in relation to the Indians in the Territory provided the rights shall be not be extinguished by the treaty entered. This usually involves Indians and the United States or any other territory which is not to be included in the jurisdiction or the line of the territory without consent of the Indian tribe. In addition, all territories like that shall be accepted outside the boundaries and make up no section of the Nebraska Territory until the tribe itself signifies its assent to the United States’ President to be included in the Nebraska Territory. ... Section two of Transcript of Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) states that the authority and power of the executive over and in the Nebraska Territory shall be awarded to the Governor who shall be in that office for at least four years to the point at which his or her successor shall be qualified and appointed, unless the Governor is removed from the office by the United States’ President. The section entails that the Governor remains the commander in chief of the militia and reside within that territory thereof. Such Governors may grant respites and pardons for the offenses against the Territory’s stated laws as well as amnesty for offenses against the United States’ laws up to the point in which the decision of the President is made known. The Governor shall also have all officers appointed to the office commissioned under the laws of the Territory and see to it that the law is executed. On the other hand, section two of Transcript of Missouri Compromise (1820) states that the mentioned state shall include the middle of river Mississippi, the parallel altitude of St. Francisco river, the meridian line cutting through the center of river Kansas mouth where it flows into river Missouri, the intersection of the latitude passing through rapids of Des Moines river, the section of river Des Moines that empties in to the river of Mississippi. This section majorly describes the boundaries in the said state. The section further provides that the state shall have a concomitant jurisdiction on the Mississippi river and any other river that boarders the state provided the rivers forms a universal boundary to the state and some other states formed and bounded by the said state. The section